1 - Animal Communication And Human Language Flashcards
Ethologist
Scientist who studies animal behaviour
Communication
Any behaviour intended to influence another organism
Conspecific
Same species
Honey bee waggle experiment
Changed location of nectar source
Von Frisch 1967
Vervet alarm calls
Leopard, eagle, snake
Diana alarm calls
Leopard, eagle
Recorded vocalizations
Holophrase
Single vocalization that refers to entire situation not specifics here and now
Primacy of speech
Almost all language is in the spoken mode
Arbitrary symbol
Bears no resemblance to what it refers to
Iconic symbol
Clear resemblance to what it refers to (waggle dance)
Duality of patterning
Structuring process that takes units at a lower level and combines according to rules into new units at higher level
Phonemes
Meaningless speech sounds serves as building blocks
Phonology
Morphemes
Basic unit of meaning in a language
Morphology
Syntax
Set of rules for ordering words and phrases into sentences
Chunking
Increases working memory that groups meaningless items into larger meaningful units
Homo erectus
1.8 mya - 200 kya
Recursion
Process of extending a pattern by placing it inside itself
Centrality of syntax
Chomsky view that ability to organize words into phrases and sentences according to recursive rules is distinguishing feature of language
KE family
Language disorder, disruption of FOXP2
Mother tongue hypothesis
Model of language evolution proposing that maternal vocalizations took on meaning over the course of many generations
Broca’s aphasia
Disjointed or ungrammatical speech
