(1) Anatomy Of the Upper Limb

Question 1

List the muscles of the forearm:

Superficial flexor compartment (5)

Answer 1

Pronator teres (PT) 
Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) 
Palmaris longus (PL) 
Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) 
Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

Question 2

List the muscles of the forearm:

Deep flexor compartment (3)

Answer 2

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) 
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) 
Pronator quadratus (PQ)

Question 3

List the muscles of the forearm: 
Extensor compartment (11)

Answer 3

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) 
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) 
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) 
Extensor digitorum (ED) 
Extensor indicis (EI) 
Extensor digiti minimi (EDM) 
Abductor pollicis longus (APL) 
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) 
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) 
Brachioradialis 
Supinator

Question 4

Define the following terms: 
Flexor 
Extensor 
Carpi 
Ulnaris 
Radialis 
Digitorum
Pollicis 
Digiti minimi 
Indicis 
Longus/brevis 
Superficialis/profundus

Answer 4

Flexor - flexes at a joint (flexor - anterior in the forearm)
Extensor - extends at a joint (extensor - posterior in the forearm)
Carpi - acts across the wrist (carpus = wrist)
Ulnaris - acts on the ulnar (medial) aspect of the wrist
Radialis - Acts on the radial (lateral) aspect of the wrist
Digitorum - acts on a group of digits (all but the thumb)
Pollicis - acts on only the thumb (Pollux = thumb, pollicis is the adjective)
Digiti minimi - acts only on the little finger (means little finger)
Indicis - acts only on the index finger
Longus/brevis - long/short
Superficialis/profundus - supercial/deep

Question 5

What is the:

Thenar eminence?

Hypothenar eminence?

Answer 5

Thenar eminence - prominence between the base of the thumb and the wrist containing small muscles acting on the thumb

Hypothenar eminence - prominence between the base of the little finger and the wrist containing small muscles acting on the little finger

Question 6

List the intrinsic muscles of the hand 
Thenar muscles (3) 
Adductor muscle (1) 
Hypothenar muscles (3) 
Interossei and lumbricals (3 types)

Answer 6

Thenar muscles:

• Abductor pollicis brevis
• Flexor pollicis brevis
• Opponens pollicis

Abductor muscle:
-Abductor pollicis

Hypothenar muscles:

• abductor digiti minimi
• flexor digiti minimi
• opponens digiti minimi

Interossei and lumbricals:

• four lumbricals - flex the MCPs, extend the IPJs
• 3 Palmer interossei - adduct the digits (PAD)
• 4 dorsal interossei- abduct the digits (DAB)

Question 7

How many carpal bones are there in a hand?

Answer 7

8

Question 8

Which joint connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

Answer 8

The sternoclavicular joint

Question 9

At the wrist, with which carpal bone(s) does the distal end of the ulna directly articulate?

Answer 9

None. The distal end of the ulna doesn’t articulate directly with the carpals bones of the wrist, because there’s a fibrous disc separating them

Question 10

Which muscle has an attachment to a tubercle just below the Glenoid fossa of the scapula?

Answer 10

Triceps brachii - the long head of triceps has its proximal attachment at the infraglenoid tubercle

Question 11

Which upper limb muscle has attachment in the pelvic region?

Answer 11

Latissimus dorsi- the inferior proximal fibres of latissimus dorsi merge w the thoracolumbar fascia which has attachments on the ileum of the pelvis