1. Anatomy of the Heart and Circulation Flashcards
What is the Pericardium?
Fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and its great vessels
How many layers does the pericardium have and what are they called?
2 layers, the fibrous and serous layer. The serous layer has two layers which are continuous with each other: Parietal - lines the fibrous layer of the pericardium. Visceral - adheres to the heart
What is the name of the fluid between the serous and fibrous layer?
Pericardial fluid
Main vessels of the heart?
Aorta (ascending aorta and aortic arch), Pulmonary trunk, Superior and inferior vena cava
Branches of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk - which divides into the right common carotid and right subclavian artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
Where do the left common carotid and left subclavian artery come off?
The aortic arch of the aorta
Trauma to the heart resulting in bleeding between the pericardium and the heart causing what condition?
Cardiac tamponade - prevents the ventricles from expanding properly
What is the mediastinum?
Thick midline partition that separates the two pleural cavities. It allows the passage of structures from one body region to the another and for structures that connect thoracic organs to other body regions
What is mediastinum divided into?
Superior, middle and inferior mediastinum
What are the two types of circulation?
Systemic and Pulmonary circulation
Where does the pulmonary vein return to the heart?
The pulmonary vein returns to the heart posteriorly
Describe the the division of the pulmonary trunk
The pulmonary trunk arises from the right atrium and bifurcates into two pulmonary arteries which go to each lung
What makes up the right brachiocephalic vein?
Right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein
What makes up the left brachiocephalic vein?
Left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein
The left and right brachiocephalic veins join to form what structure?
The superior vena cava
Describe the orientations of the brachiocephalic veins and any clinical signficance
The right brachiocephalic vein is a vertical drop down into the heart whereas the left brachiocephalic vein cross over the great vessels. As a result the placement of catheters is more likely to be done on the right side of the heart
List the valves of the heart
Right side of the heart: tricuspid valve (anterior, posterior and septal cusps) and pulmonary valve (right, left and anterior semilunar cusps)
Left side of the heart: mitral valve (anterior and posterior cusps) and aortic valve (right, left and posterior cusps)
What are the valves held by?
Chordae tendineae and papillary muscle
Where do the coronary arteries orginate from?
Right coronary artery - just above the right cusp of the aortic valve
Left coronary artery - just above the left cusp of the aortic valve
List the order of the conducting system components in the heart
SAN –> anterior, middle, posterior tract –> AVN –> bundle of his –> right/left bundle branch –> purkinje fibres
