1 - Anatomy of the Heart and Circulation Flashcards
Describe the anatomical position
standing with feet shoulder-width apart and palms facing forward
What anatomical term describes the position that is towards the back of the body?
What is the corresponding term used in neuroscience?
posterior
dorsal
What anatomical term describes the position that is towards the head?
What is the corresponding term used in neuroscience?
superior
cranial/rostral
What anatomical term describes the position that is towards the front of the body?
What is the corresponding term used in neuroscience?
anterior
ventral
What anatomical term describes the position that is towards the feet?
What is the corresponding term used in neuroscience?
inferior
caudal
What does the midline refer to?
the straight line down the middle of the body, dividing it into 2 equal halves
What do the terms medial and lateral describe?
medial - towards the midline
lateral - further from the midline
what do the terms superficial and deep describe?
superficial - close to the surface of the skin
deep - deeper into the skin
What do the terms proximal and distal describe?
(used when referring to limbs)
proximal - towards the midline
distal - away from the midline
What are the 3 planes of imaging?
- frontal/coronal - separates the body into anterior and posterior
- saggital - along the midline , so a side view can be seen
- horizontal/axial/transverse axis - cuts the body horizontally (the image is seen as though the patients is lying face up with their feet closest to you)
What are the layers of the pericardium?
consists of 2 layers: fibrous and serous
serous layer has 2 layers
- parietal - closest to the outside, lines the fibrous layer
- visceral - closest to the organ, adheres to the heart
What are the 5 main vessels that lead directly to the heart?
- (ascending) aorta
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- pulmonary trunk
- (4) pulmonary veins
Why is the pulmonary trunk not called the pulmonary artery?
it is the trunk before it branches into 2 pulmonary arteries
What is different about the position of the pulmonary vein as it enters the heart?
it enters the heart posteriorly (so cannot be seen from an anterior view)
What is the name of the vessels that supply and drain both the head and the upper limbs (before they divide into 2)?
brachiocephalic
What vessels branch of the aortic arch?
- right brachiocephalic trunk
which then branches/bifurcates into 2 arteries: the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery - left common carotid artery
- left subclavian artery
What does it mean if a vessel is ‘common’?
it will further subdivide/branch
Name:
a) an artery in the neck
b) a vein in the neck
a) common carotid artery
b) internal jugular vein
What veins feed into the superior vena cava and what feeds into these veins?
- for both right and left:
subclavian and internal jugular veins feed into the brachiocephalic veins - the brachiocephalic veins from the right and the left feed into the superior vena cava
How many brachiocephalic arteries and veins are there?
1 artery
2 veins
Name the valves on the right and left side of the heart:
RIGHT - tricuspid valve - pulmonary valve LEFT - mitral valve - aortic valve
Where do the coronary arteries emerge from?
from the aorta, just above the aortic valve (therefore, it carries the most highly oxygenated blood)
- right CA - just above the right cusp of the aortic valve
- left CA - just above the left cusp of the aortic valve
Where do the coronary veins drain into?
the right atrium
