1. Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards
Difference between sagittal, frontal (coronal) and horizontal (transverse) views?
- Sagittal - through midline
- Frontal - separates front and back
- Horizontal - separates top and bottom (view from persons feet towards you)
Where is the heart located in the body?
- In the mediastinum
- Between left and right plural cavities
- Within the pericardium
What is the pericardium and what is it formed of?
- Fibroserous sac surround heart and its great vessels
- Fibrous (outer) and serous (inner) layer
- Serous layer formed of parietal (lines fibrous layer) and visceral (adheres to heart) - both layers are continuous but folded around so outer can become inner
- Pericardial fluid (serous pericardium) - between parietal and visceral layers - for movement and reduces friction
What is cardiac tamponade?
- Traumatic injury - ruptured blood vessel
- Fibrous layer doesn’t expand
- Pressure => damage => fatal
What is the pulmonary trunk?
- Leaves the right ventricle (venous blood)
- Bifurcates into left and right pulmonary artery
- Goes to the two lungs
What are the branches of the aortic arch?
• First the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcates into: right subclavian artery & right common carotid artery
• Left common carotid artery
• Left subclavian artery
(• some people may have a left brachiocephalic trunk)
What is the arrangement of the brachiocephalic veins?
- Right internal jugular vein + right subclavian vein => right brachiocephalic vein
- Left internal jugular vein + left subclavian => left brachiocephalic vein
- Left BCV crosses over and joins the right BCV to form the Superior Vena Cava
Where would you insert a catheter into the vena cava and why?
- On the right
- Right BCV goes vertically down into it
- Have to go round a corner if it was from the left (left BCV)
- Reduced chance of splitting
What does the blood pass through in the right side of the heart?
(• Venous blood) • Right atrium • Tricuspid valve • Right ventricle • Pulmonary valve • Pulmonary trunk
What is the tricuspid and pulmonary valve made up of?
Tricuspid
• Anterior cusp
• Septal cusp
• Posterior cusp
Pulmonary
• Left semilunar cusp
• Anterior semilunar cusp
• Right semilunar cusp
What does the blood pass through in the left side of the heart
(• Arterial blood) • Left atrium • Mitral valve • Left ventricle • Aortic valve • Aorta
What is the mitral valve made up of?
- Anterior cusp
* Posterior cusp
Describe the anatomy of the coronary arteries
- Points of origin of the coronary arteries - just about the aortic valve
- of the right CA - just about the right cusp of the aortic valve
- of the left CA - just about the left cusp of the aortic valve
- Left CA splits into circumflex branch (further left) and anterior interventricular branch (downwards)
Describe the anatomy of the coronary veins
- (looking from posterior) - small cardiac vein => (wide) coronary sinus - splits into posterior cardiac vein and great cardiac vein
- Great cardiac vein goes around and down the front (alongside anterior interventricular branch)
Describe the anatomy of the conducting system
- SA node
- (from right to left on diagrams) Posterior/Middle/Anterior internodal tract
- AV node
- Bachmann’s Bundle (left atrium)
- Right/left bundle branch towards the apex (insulation prevents unwanted contraction)
- Conduction pathways up the ventricles
