1 - Anatomy of the cardiovascular system Flashcards
What are the layers on the heart wall (from inside to outside)?
Endocardium Myocardium Visceral pericardium (Pericardial space) Parietal pericardium Fibrous pericardium
What is the function of the endocardium?
One cell thick. Interface between heart and blood.
What is the function of the myocardium?
Thick layer of cardiac muscle cells.
What is the function of the visceral pericardium? What is it also known as?
The epicardium: a layer of serous tissue between the myocardium and pericardial space.
What is the function of the parietal pericardium?
A layer of serous tissue lining the fibrous pericardium and facing the pericardial space.
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
Connective tissue to protect the heart and hold its position.
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Right ventricle
What is the V shape at the bottom of the heart called?
Apex
What are the 2 av valves called and what sides are they?
Mistrial (bicuspid) - LEFT
Tricuspid - RIGHT
What structure is continuous with the apex which separates the ventricles?
Interventricular septum
What are the two semilunar valves called? What side are they on?
Aortic valve - LEFT
Pulmonary valve - RIGHT
How does blood enter and leave the chambers?
LEFT SIDE-
Enters through pulmonary veins
Leaves through aorta
RIGHT SIDE -
Enters through inferior and superior vena cava.
Leaves through pulmonary trunk (vein)
What are heart strings called and what are the attached to?
Chordae tendineae
Attached to papillary muscles.
How many cusps does the mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonary valve have?
Mitral - 2
Tricuspid - 3
Aortic - 3
Pulmonary - 3
What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel? What are their functions?
Tunica Externa - External elastic lamina
Tunica Media - Internal elastic lamina
Tunica interna
Describe the structure of an artery?
Small lumen
Thick muscle
Why are arteries describes as conduit vessels?
Because they take blood from one location to another.
Why are arterioles known as resistance vessels?
Because they control flow into the capillaries
Why are capillaries known as exchange vessels?
They are responsible for gas exchange, absorption and secretion.
Why are veins known as capacitance vessels?
Because they contain the majority of blood at any given time.
What is coronary circulation?
How blood is supplied to the heart
What are the 3 main vessels in the coronary circulation and the 1 smaller one?
3 main:
Right coronary artery
Left circumflex
Left anterior descending
1 smaller:
Right conus artery
Coronary circulation - how does blood from the coronary circulation return to the heart?
Blood from various veins gathers in the CORONARY SINUS at the BACK of the heart. This goes into the right atrium.
What are trunk vessels (arterial network)?
The primary branches. They branch/bifurcate into smaller arteries
