1. Anatomy Flashcards
Embryological division brain
FOREBRAIN
1. Telencephalon:
Cortex
Basal Ganglia parts (Caudate, Putamen, Globus pallidus)
Lateral ventricles
- Diencephalon:
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Optic N.
3rd Ventricle
MIDBRAIN:
3. Mesencephalon: Midbrain + Cerebral acqueduct
HINDBRAIN:
4. Metencephalon:
Cerebellum
Pons
4th Ventricle
- Myelencephalon:
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
Meninges
Dura mater
= thick + resilient membrane
-> forms:
i. Falx Cerebri & Cerebelli (divide the hemispheres)
ii. Tentorium cerebelli (separates brain from Cerebellum)
● Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space -> contains:
o CSF -> fills the CNS in order to suspend the brain + spinal cord in the bony cavities and by this protecting them from concussion
o Major blood vessels of the brain
o Subarachnoid villi / Arachnoid Granulations = protrusions of Arachnoid mater into Dural venous sinuses of the Subdural space for drainage of CSF
● Pia mater
= thinnest membrane
adheres to Cerebral cortex & Spinal cord
Brain layers (ext. to int.)
o Periosteal layer: adheres to the Skull
o Epidural space (also in the spine)
o Meningeal layer: adheres to the Brain
How is the CSF drained?
It is drained from the Subarachnoid space to the Dural Venous Sinuses in the subdural space, by the Arachnoid granulations = Subarachnoid villi (= protrusions of Arachnoid mater into Subdural space)
Frontal Cortex
PFC
Frontal eye field
Premotor cortex
Primary motor cortex
Broca’s area
Primary Motor Cortex = located where?
Frontal lobe -> Precentral gyrus
Premotor cortex = located where?
anterior to Precentral Gyrus
Frontal lobe - anatomical organization
Precentral gyrus (Primary Motor C.)
Superior, Middle, Inferior frontal gyruses
Broca’s area = located in the …
posterior part of the Inferior frontal gyrus
Structure dividing Frontal from Parietal lobe
Central Sulcus
-> Precentral Gyrus = Frontal lobe
-> Postcentral Gyrus = Parietal lobe
Parietal lobe - functional organization
Primary Somatosensory Cortex (in Postcentral gyrus)
Somatosensory Association Cortex
Posterior Association Area (Angular gyrus)
Parietal Lobe - functional organization more in detail
Primary Somatosensory C.
Posterior Association Area
Parietal Lobe - anatomical organization
Postcentral Gyrus (Prim. Somatosensory C.)
Superior & Inferior Parietal Lobules
(not visible: Supramarginal G. & Angular G.)
Temporal lobe - anatomy + functional areas
o Primary auditory cortex
o Auditory association area (Wernicke)
Wernicke’s area
= Auditory association area in the Temporal lobe
Cortex Anatomy
Temporal Lobe - anatomy
Temporal pole
Superior, Middle, Inferios temporal Gyruses
Occipital lobe - functional organization
o Primary visual cortex:
located on the Calcarine sulcus
receives + processes visual input coming from the Lateral geniculate body (through optic radiations)
o Secondary Visual Cortex
Division btw. Parietal + Occipital lobe
Parieto-Occipital sulcus
Occipital Lobe - anatomical organization
Superior, Middle, Inferior Occipital Gyruses
Visual Cortical System
Insular lobe
= Olfactory cortex
Basal Ganglia
Ventricles
