1 Amino Acids And Proteins Flashcards
What are monomeric units joined by to form macromolecules?
Covalent bonds.
What are macromolecules held together by?
Non-covalent interactions.
List three key difference between bacterial and mammalian cells.
Bacteria have no separate nucleus, a cell wall and a plasma membrane, but lack most organelles.
List two factors that makes a biomolecular polar.
Ability to form H-bonds, ability to dissolve.
List two factors that makes a biomolecular non polar.
Inability to form H-bonds, being insoluble.
What makes a molecule amphiphatic?
It has polar and non-polar regions.
List the following in levels of structure from smallest to largest: chromatin, DNA, nucleus, nucleotides.
Nucleotides, DNA, chromatin, nucleus.
How is an amino acid ionised to become a base?
The NH2 group accepts a proton: NH2 + H+ -> NH3+
How is an amino acid ionised to form an acid?
The COOH group donates a proton: COOH -> COO- + H+
What type of stereoisomer is found in mammalian proteins? (L or D isomer)
L
What are the three groups for classifying amino acids?
Non-polar amino acids (hydrophobic), polar, uncharged amino acids (hydrophilic) and polar, charged amino acids (hydrophilic).
Define pK.
The pH of an acid when am equilibrium has been reached in dissociation of that acid.
Define pI (Isoelectric point) of proteins.
The pH at which there is no overall net charge.
What is the difference between peptides/ oligopeptides and polypeptides/ proteins?
Oligopeptides are only a few amino acids in length, whereas proteins are many amino acids in length.
Will the following groups be protonated or deprotonated? a) pH of solution pK value
a) protonated b) deprotonated
Draw the strucure of an amino acid.
