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OPD 2 > 1 Amalgam, Matrix Assembly, Rubber Dam Isolation > Flashcards

1 Amalgam, Matrix Assembly, Rubber Dam Isolation Flashcards

1
Q

An alloy made by mixing mercury (Hg) with silver-tin (Ag-Sn) dental amalgam alloy.

A

AMALGAM

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2
Q
  • Increases expansion
  • Retards setting time
  • Enhances strength
  • Decreases flow
  • Resists tarnish/corrosion
A

Silver (Ag)

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3
Q
  • Unites with Hg with difficulty
  • Hastens setting time
  • Increases expansion
  • Increases strength and hardness
  • Reduces flow
  • Tarnishes readily
  • Decreases creep
A

Copper (Cu)

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4
Q
  • Unites readily with Hg
  • Retards setting time
  • Improves plasticity
  • Reduces expansion
  • Increases flow
  • Reduces strength
A

Tin (Sn)

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5
Q
  • Combines readily with Hg
  • Causes expansion
  • Increases setting time
  • Increases flow
  • Inhibits oxidation; scavengers of oxides
  • Decreases porosity
  • Delayed expansion with moisture contamination
A

Zinc (Zn)

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6
Q

ROLES OF MERCURY IN DENTAL AMALGAM (3)
1. _________ with the alloy particles.
2. _______________________ or wetting of alloy particles.
3. ___________ mercury influence the __________________________ of the amalgam mass.

A
  1. Reactant with the alloy particles.
  2. Ease of trituration or wetting of alloy particles.
  3. Pre-condensed mercury influence the degree of plasticity of the amalgam mass.
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7
Q

measured during the setting of an amalgam & reflects the change in dimension of an amalgam.

A

Flow

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8
Q

measured after amalgam sets, reflects the constant change in dimension.

A

Creep

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9
Q

oxidation that attacks the surface of the amalgam and extends slightly below the surface.

A

Tarnish

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10
Q

occurs from a chemical reaction between the amalgam and substances in saliva or food, resulting in oxidation of the amalgam

A

Corrosion

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11
Q

Indications of Amalgam
1. Restoration of posterior teeth. Class _, _, _.
2. Anterior ________ surface of the teeth.
3. ______ surface of canine

Contraindication of Amalgam
Anterior teeth restorations (_, _, _)

A

Indications of Amalgam
1. Restoration of posterior teeth. Class I, II, V.
2. Anterior lingual surface of the teeth.
3. Distal surface of canine

Contraindication of Amalgam
Anterior teeth restorations (III, IV, V)

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12
Q

Advantages
* Convenience on _________ and ____________ of restorative material.
* _________ to oral fluids.

Disadvantages
* Susceptible to ___________________
* _____________

A

Advantages
* Convenience on manipulation and insertion of restorative material.
* Insoluble to oral fluids.

Disadvantages
* Susceptible to Tarnish & Corrosion
* Galvanic Action

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13
Q

o Forms a tin-mercury phase (gamma-2)

A

Low-Copper Amalgam

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14
Q

o Greater strength
o Less tarnish and corrosion
o Less creep
o Less sensitive to handling variables
o Produce better long-term clinical results.

A

High-Copper Amalgam

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15
Q

o Contains small, round alloy particles that are mixed with mercury to form the mass that is placed into the tooth preparation.

A

Spherical Amalgam

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16
Q

o Contains irregularly shaped and sized alloy particles, sometimes combined with spherical shapes, which are mixed to form a mass that is placed into the tooth preparation.

A

Admixed Amalgam

17
Q

REACTION: ________________________________________

PHASES OF REACTION:
* Phase 1
― Silver-tin phase is called the _____________________, composed of ________ alloy particle.

  • Phase 2
    ― Silver-mercury phase is called the _______________.
  • Phase 3
    ― Tin-mercury phase is called the ___________.
A

Mercury+Silver-Tin Silver-Tin phase + Silver-mercury phase + Tin-mercury phase

PHASES OF REACTION:
* Phase 1
― Silver-tin phase is called the gamma phase, composed of unreacted alloy particle.

  • Phase 2
    ― Silver-mercury phase is called the gamma one.
  • Phase 3
    ― Tin-mercury phase is called the gamma two.
18
Q

(1) The solution of mercury into silver-tin particles leads to the formation of the surface of _______________ phases.

(2) The crystallization of the _______________________ phases and their subsequent growth leads to hardening of amalgam.

A

(1) Solution
Ag-Hg and Sn-Hg

(2) Crystallization
gamma1 and gamma2

19
Q
  1. provides and takes the place of the proximal tooth surface that was removed to restore the proximal contours and contact to their normal shape and function.
  2. Also referred to as the Tofflemire retainer. This device holds the matrix band in position.
A
  1. matrix system
  2. MATRIX RETAINER
20
Q

Used to tighten or loosen the spindle within the diagonal slot; this holds the matrix band securely in the retainer.

A
  • Outer knob
21
Q

Used to increase or decrease the size of the matrix band loop; when placing the band over the tooth, the size of the loop circumference should be the ________ size and then tightened after placement.

A
  • Inner knob
    largest
22
Q

Internal screwlike pin that fits into the diagonal slot to secure the ends of the matrix band; when assembling the retainer, the spindle point must be clear of the slot into which the band slides.

A
  • Spindle
23
Q

Slot within the main body of the retainer that is used to position the ends of the matrix band into the vise; the retainer is always positioned in the mouth with this slot facing toward the ______.

A
  • Diagonal slot
    gingiva
24
Q

Slots used to position the matrix band for either the left or the right quadrant.

A
  • Guide slots
25
Q
  1. Made of flexible stainless steel and are available in premolar, molar, and universal sizes and thicknesses.
    • The larger circumference of the band is the ______________ and is always placed toward the occlusal surface.
    • The smaller circumference of the band is the _____________ and it is always placed toward the gingiva.
A
  1. MATRIX BAND
  2. occlusal edge
  3. gingival edge
26
Q
  1. inserted into the lingual embrasure to position the matrix band firmly against the gingival margin of the preparation.

CLASSIFICATION
1) According to size.

2) According to shape.
a. ____
b. _____

3) According to material.
c. ____
d. ____

A
  1. WEDGE

a. Triangular
b. Round

c. Wooden
d. Plastic

27
Q

POSITIONING OF BAND IN THE RETAINER
Procedure:
Try the _____
Burnish the ______________
Place the matrix band into the _________.
Fit the matrix onto the _____.
Place the _____.
Tighten the ______________around the tooth.

The ______________________________ is used in Class II restorations. The primary function of the matrix is to restore anatomic proximal contours and contact areas. A properly placed matrix should:
- Be rigid against the existing tooth structure
- Establish proper anatomic contour
- Restore correct proximal contact relation
- Prevent ______________
- Be able to be easily removed

A

wedge.
matrix band.
retainer
tooth
wedge
matrix band

Universal (Tofflemire) matrix system
gingival overhang

28
Q

THE PALODENT SECTIONAL MATRIX SYSTEM : THE TECHNIQUE

 STEP 1 - _________________________
o Place matrix
o Adjust contact position.

 STEP 2 - _______________________
o Gently close gingival margin w/ an anatomical wedge.

 STEP 3 - __________________________
o Stretch open bow of BiTine Ring with Palodent or regular Rubber Dam Forcep.

 STEP 4 - _________________________
o Position tines over proximal plane and release pressure (of forcep)
o Loop can face either mesial or distal
o IMPORTANT:
“ Should not interfere with cavity prep.

 STEP 5 - ___________
o Burnish inner surface of matrix LIGHTLY to:
“ Seal gingival areas to avoid / minimize excess or overhanging filling,
“ Create better margin adaptation,
“ Generate proper anatomy and contact.
o Recommended: Ball Burnisher

A

STEP 1 - PLACEMENT OF MATRIX
STEP 2 - WEDGING OF MATRIX
STEP 3 - SPREAD BITINE RING
STEP 4 - PLACEMENT OF BITINE RING
STEP 5 - MOLDING

29
Q
  • Process of manual mixing of alloy with Hg
  • Done by proportioning mercury (Hg) into a mortar and grinding the mixture with a pestle.
  • Mixing of alloy with mercury
A

TRITURATION

30
Q

1) _____________- using mortar and pestle.
2) __________ - use of Amalgamator.
3. ____________________ – a hallow tube with rounded ends constructed as two pieces that could be friction fit or screwed together.
4. ______________________ – the components are separated in the capsule by a special diaphragm that is broken when the capsule is placed in an amalgamator.

A
  1. Hand or manual
  2. Mechanical
  3. Reusable capsule
  4. Precapsulated (preproportioned)
31
Q

Sources of Mercury Hazards
1. Mercury vapors released from ____________________.
2. Amalgamator ________.
3. _____________ during restoration procedure.
4. Amalgam removal and _________.
5. Amalgam _____ on cotton rolls.
6. Amalgam and mercury in __________________
7. Amalgam _______container.
8. Mercury trapped in ____________ .

A

stored materials
aerosols
Spillage
replacement
waste
plumbing and sewerage. System.
scrap
tiles and carpeting

32
Q
  • Adapts the amalgam to the preparation walls and matrix.
  • Produce a restoration free of voids.
  • Lowers the mercury content in the restoration to improve strength and decrease corrosion.
A

Condensation

33
Q
  • Adapts the amalgam to the preparation walls and matrix.
  • Produce a restoration free of void.
  • Lowers the mercury content in the restoration to improve strength and decrease corrosion.
A

Carving

34
Q

ADJUST OCCLUSION
1) To check occlusion, have the patient bring his/her teeth together lightly, check for a _____ area on the restoration and remove the premature contact with a carver.

2) Check the occlusion again with articulating paper. Have patient lightly tap teeth together, carve ____________ until any contact with the restoration occurs simultaneously with other centric contacts on the tooth and the adjacent teeth. This step may need to be repeated to get even contact.

3) Next, with articulating paper, have the patient to make _________________ movements and reduce any interferences present.

A

shiny
prematurities
lateral and protrusive

35
Q

EXAMINE THE RESTORATION
* Double- check the interproximal for amalgam debris, rubber dam material, or overhangs.
* Remove any _________ or debris.
* Check interproximal contact visually to make sure that no _____ passes through the contact. Hold the mirror on the lingual and facial aspects of the teeth and check at different angles.
* Then check with dental floss, making sure there is ___________ when the floss passes through the contact area.

A

overhangs
light
resistance

36
Q

POST-OPERATIVE INSTRUCTIONS
1) Instruct patient not to chew on the new restoration for at least 2 hours.
2) If patient was given anesthesia, remind him/her to be careful not to bite a lip or tongue.
3) Inform the patient that he or she may experience postoperative sensitivity to hot or cold for a few days.
4) If the patient feels that occlusion (bite) is too high after anesthesia wears off, have him/her contact the office for occlusal adjustment.
5) Have the patient schedule a return appointment after _____ to finish and polish the restoration.

A

24 hours

37
Q
  • _________ placement allows the clinician to achieve a dry field by isolating the tooth (or teeth) indicated for treatment from oral fluids and other oral tissues (lips, cheeks, tongue, and gingiva).
  • This protects the patient from swallowing or aspirating (drawing into the lungs) debris and dental objects that are used during the procedure.
  • It also protects the tissues from irritating materials used for the procedure such as acids for etching enamel.
  • It is contraindicated for patients who are __________, suffer from _______________, or have trouble breathing through their nose.
  • Other contraindications include patients with teeth that are not fully _______ as the clamp may not be stable and patients who cannot tolerate the clamp without anesthesia.
A

Rubber dam

claustrophobic,
severe asthma
erupted

38
Q

PREPARING THE RUBBER DAM MATERIAL
1. Stamp the _______________.
2. Punch the holes.
3. Prepare the ______.
“ Selection of the correct clamp.
4. _________ the clamp.
5. Place the _____ of the clamp into the hole in the rubber dam sheet.
6. Use the ______ to stretch open the clamp in the dental dam and position at the ________ region of the tooth.
7. Place the _________________.

A

rubber dam sheet
Clamp
Flossing
wings
forceps; cervical
rubber dam frame

OPD 2 (3 decks)

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