#1 Adolescent Growth and Development Flashcards
How do Sex hormones affect Endochondral growth?
They stimulate cartilage growth and an even greater increase in transformation of cartilage to bone!
The adolescent growth spurt begins ______ years earlier in females than in males.
1.5-2 years earlier
What is a good/convenient way to determine an individuals position on the growth curve, when evaluating them for orthodontic treatment?
Secondary sexual characteristics
What indicates the beginning and end of the growth spurt for males?
Beginning = growth
end = Pigmented facial hair and mature voice.
*5 year duration
What indicates the beginning and end of the growth spurt for females?
Beginning = breast development
End = Menarche
*3+ year duration
What are some alternate ways to the determine growth status?
- Hand/Wrist radiographs
- Cervical Vertebral Maturational stage (CVMS) *Stage 6 = most concave vertebrae
- Serial radiographs with superimposition = “GOLD STANDARD”
The Mandibular growth curve reflects the ________.
General growth curve
The Maxillary growth curve is most like the ______.
Neural growth curve
What does it mean that facial growth is Differential?
It means that different structures grow at different rates.
Describe differential Jaw Growth…
- Mandible grows more and longer
- Mandbile more prominent
- Profile becomes less convex with growth.
What is the sequence of growth in the 3 dimensions?
- Width stops before Length, which stops before Height.
- Width stops before growth spurt except:
- Alveolar arches widen in the area of molar eruption. - Length and height increase through puberty.
- Height of Face grows longer than length due to vertical growth of mandible.
What is the order of permeant teeth eruption?
- Max. and Mand. 1st molars, Mand. centrals = 6 yrs
- Max. centrals and Mand. laterals = 7 yrs
- Max. laterals = 8 yrs
- Mand. Canine, Max and Mand 1st premolars
- Max. and Mand. 2nd premolars, Max. canine = 11 yrs
- 2nd molars = 12yrs
Permanent incisors lie _____ to primary incisors.
Lingual
What is Incisor liability ?
The fact that permanent incisors are 2-3.5mm wider per quadrant than primary incisors
______ eruption of permanent (maxillary) incisors increase arch width across canines.
Labial Eruption
Where are the Primate spaces located?
Max: medial of canine
And: distal of canine
Mandibular Canines erupt ________ and move _______.
Buccally
Distally
What are the solutions for incisor liability?
- Developmental and primate spacing
- labial eruption of permeant (maxillary incisors)
- Distal repositioning of canines in mandible
When does the “ugly duckling” Central diastema phase occur?
After central eruption, but before Lateral erupt and close diastema.
What is Leeway space?
The difference in M-D width between primary canines/molars and perm. canines/pre-molars.
________ move into leeway space.
Permanent molars
If anterior crowding is present in primary teeth, when should you send patient to see orthodontist?
Before primary 2nd molars exfoliate
What is E-space?
Difference in M-D width between 2nd molars and perm. 2nd premolars.
A mesial step can become a ________.
Class I occlusion
A flush terminal plane will most likely become a _______
Class II occlusion
A distal step will most likely become a ______.
Class II occlusion
