1. Addiction and Risk Factors

Question 1

define addiction.

Answer 1

A disorder in which an individual takes a substance or engages in a behaviour that is pleasurable but eventually becomes compulsive with harmful consequences.

Question 2

what are the factors of addiction? (4)

Answer 2

physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance and withdrawal syndrome.

Question 3

what is the supporting evidence for genetic vulnerability? (2)

Answer 3

Pienezza - fully functioning CYP2A6 gene increased risk of nicotine addiction.
Kendler et al: adopted with biological parent addicts 8.6% chance of addiction vs normal 4.2%

Question 4

what is the supporting evidence for stress?

Answer 4

Tavolacci et al - university students who are stressed more likely to consume alcohol, cigarettes and phone usage.

Question 5

what is the supporting evidence for personality? (2)

Answer 5

Butler and Montgomery - link to the ASPD. Ivanov et al concluded that many studies show this link between impulsivity and addiction.

Question 6

what is the supporting evidence for family?

Answer 6

Christiansen - 7 - 18 year old influenced by beliefs of family.

Question 7

what is the supporting evidence for peers? (2)

Answer 7

Mary O’Connell - associate with using peers who provide opportunities. Drink too much to keep up with perceived norms.
Karakos - positive peers