1(a) States of matter Flashcards
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Particles in a solid are:
In an orderly arrangement
Closely packed in a regular manner/lattice
Vibrating about a fixed point
Low energy
Strong forces of attraction
Particles in a liquid are:
Randomly arranged
Close together with a few gaps
Able to move freely over each other
Intermediate forces of attraction
Intermediate energy
Particles in a gas are:
Far apart
In rapid, random motion
Have weak forces of attraction
Very high energy
Properties of solids
High density
Incompressible
Fixed in place - can’t flow
Have fixed volume and shape - strong bonds
Properties of liquids
Medium density
Incompressible
Can flow
Fixed volume but NOT fixed shape
Properties of gases
Low density
Compressible
Can flow
No fixed volume or shape
Melting
Solid to liquid
Freezing
Liquid to solid
Evaporation
Liquid to gas from surface - at any temperature
Boiling
Liquid to gas throughout - at boiling point only
Condensation
Gas to liquid
Sublimation
Solid to gas
Deposition
Gas to solid
Diffusion
Spreading of particles from high concentration to low concentration - only in liquids and gasses
Which particles diffuse faster?
Smaller, lighter particles diffuse faster than bigger, heavier particles
Which factors affect rate of diffusion?
Temperature
Number of particles
State of matter
Size and mass of particles
Solvent
A substance that dissolves a solute
Solute
Substance (solid) that dissolves in a solvent
Solution
Formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent
Saturated solution
A solution which cannot dissolve any more solute
Solubility
A measure of the amount of solute that dissolves in a given solution at a particular temperature (g/dm^3)
Solubility curve
A graph showing the solubility of a substance at different temperatures
