1(a) States of Matter

Question 1

1.1

Understand the three states of matter in terms of the arrangement, movement and
energy of the particles

Answer 1

Gas
* Spread out randomly
* Move very f ast
* Positive potential energy

Liquid
* Closer together
* Able to flow and fill up area its in
* Zero potential energy

Solid
* Stuck together
* Vibrate in fixed position
* Negative potential energy

Question 2

1.2

Understand the interconversions between the three states of matter

Answer 2

Condensation
* Gas to Liquid
Melting
* Solid to Liquid
Freezing
* Liquid to Solid
Sublimation
* Solid to Gas
Deposition
* Gas to Solid
Evaporation
* Liquid to Gas

Question 3

1.3

Understand how the results of experiments involving the dilution of coloured solutions
and diffusion of gases can be explained

Answer 3

Dilution
* The particles of the colour diffuse to areas of lower concentration. Initially, the purple colour is concentrated in the solution. As more water is added, the potassium manganate (VII) particles spread out further apart, resulting in a less intense purple color. This process is called dilution

Diffusion
* Some gases diffuse faster

Add more to Diffusion

Question 4

1.4

Solvent

Answer 4

The liquid in a solution that dissolves the solute

Question 5

1.4

Solute

Answer 5

The solid which dissolves into a solvent (liquid) in order to make a solution.

Question 6

1.4

Solution

Answer 6

A solution is formed when a substance (solute) dissolves into a liquid (solvent)

Question 7

1.4

Saturated Solution

Answer 7

A solution where no more solid can dissolve in the liquid at a given temperature.

Question 8

1.5C

Know what is meant by the term solubility in the units g per 100 g of solvent

Answer 8

Mass of a solid required to saturate 100 g of water at a given temperature.

Question 9

1.6C

Understand how to plot and interpret solubility curves

Answer 9

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This should remind me

Question 10

1.7C

Investigate the solubility of a solid in water at a specific
temperature

Practical

Answer 10

1. Set up a hot water bath and an ice bath. Put 2.6g of ammonium chloride into the boiling tube. Add 4 cm³ water.
2. Warm the boiling tube in the hot water bath until the solid dissolves.
3. Put the boiling tube in the ice bath and stir with the thermometer. Use wooden tongs to hold if necessary.
4. Note the temperature at which crystals first appear and record it in the table
5. Add 1cm³ water. Warm the solution again, stirring until all the crystals dissolve.
6. Then repeat the cooling and note the new temperature at which crystals appear.
7. Repeat steps 5, 6 and 7 until 10cm³ water has been used.