1 Flashcards
What does a high pH suggest in urinalysis?
UTI
Vomiting
Also - a stale urine specimen
What does a low pH suggest in urinalysis?
2 reasons
Starvation
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Potassium depletion
What is specific gravity in urinalysis?
Measures total solute concentration in a liquid
What are the normal values for specific gravity?
1.002-1.035
What does a high value in specific gravity suggest?
1 reason
Dehydration
What might a low specific gravity suggest?
3 reasons
High fluid intake
Diabetes insipidus
Renal failure
What does glucose in the urine suggest?
4 reasons
Diabetes mellitus
High doses of salicylates or absorbic acid
Cushing’s syndrome
Acute pancreatitis
What does a high level of bilirubin in the urine suggest?
6 reasons
Liver disease Gallbladder disease Paracetamol overdose Late cirrhosis of liver Gallstones Cancer in head of pancreas
What does blood in the urine suggest?
5 reasons
UTI Calculi Kidney disease Trauma Tumour Prostatic hypertrophy Sickle cell anaemia
What is the normal range for blood in urine per microlitre?
Between +250 and -250 red blood cells
What might high ketone readings suggest?
2 reasons
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Starvation
Excessive dieting
What does protein in urine suggest?
4 reasons
May indicate infection Renal disease Pre-eclampsia Congestive heart failure Hypertension
What does a high level of urobilinogen suggest?
Liver abnormalities Haemolytic anaemia (excessive destruction of red blood cells).
Why is do we use urinalysis?
2 reasons
To screen for diabetes
Diagnose/confirm UTI
What is polyuria?
Excessive urination
