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Question 1

What are the two types of circulation? What do they do?

Answer 1

Pulmonary- transports deoxygenated blood via pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

Systemic- transports oxygenated blood via the aorta and Vena Cava

Question 2

What are the three main functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

• transport oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
• clotting of open wounds
• regulation of body temperature

Question 3

What does the circulatory system consist of?

Answer 3

• the heart

- complex network of vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries)

Question 4

The blood has ten main roles, can you name five?

Answer 4

• transport gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the lungs and the rest of the body
• transport nutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites to the rest of the body
• transport waste products
• transport hormones from the glands
• transport heat to the skin
• transport leukocytes
• transport platelets
• regulate pH
• helps to regulate water balance by transferring water to and from tissues

Question 5

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 5

55% plasma

45% cells

Question 6

What is plasma made up of?

It’s the liquid part of the blood

Answer 6

Mostly water (92%)

Question 7

Per cubic ml of whole blood in horses there is approx

7 million ………..
9000………………
400,000………….

Answer 7

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

Question 8

What are the four main components of blood?

Answer 8

Plasma,
Erythrocytes,
Leukocytes,
Platelets

Question 9

What does plasma do?

Answer 9

Transports;

Glucose,
Water,
Amino acids,
Proteins,
Minerals,
Enzymes,
Urea,
Salts,
Sugars

Question 10

What do erythrocytes do?

Fancy name for white blood cells

Answer 10

Transport oxygen around the body to the tissues

Question 11

What do leukocytes do?

Phagocytes

Answer 11

White blood cells, they fight infection

Question 12

What do thrombocytes do?

Fancy name for platelets

Answer 12

These clot to prevent blood loss during injury

Question 13

What is homeostasis?

Answer 13

The mechanism of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes taking place in the external environment

Question 14

Where are red blood cells made?

Answer 14

Red bone marrow within the bone

Question 15

How long is the lifespan of a red blood cell?

Answer 15

120 days

Question 16

What happens to a red blood cell at the end of its lifecycle?

Answer 16

Broken down in the spleen, it is then recycled to prevent loss of the mineral iron

Question 17

Where do red blood cells mature?

Answer 17

They leave the bone marrow as a reticulocyte and mature in the blood to an erythrocyte

Question 18

What is different about cardiac muscle?

Answer 18

Specially adapted to never rest

Question 19

What are the three layers of the heart in order?

Answer 19

Epicardium. Outer layer

Myocardium. Middle layer

Endocardium. Inner layer

Question 20

What is the epicardium?

Answer 20

Outer layer of the heart wall, which is also the inner layer of the epicardial sac

Question 21

What is the myocardium?

Answer 21

Middle layer of the heart. It’s made of cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle is an involuntary, striated muscle with fibres that intertwine

Question 22

What is the endocardium?

Answer 22

Inner layer of the heart which consists of endothelial cells which line the heart, cover the heart valves and lines the blood vessels

Question 23

What is the main artery?

Answer 23

The main Artery is the Aorta

Both begin with A

Question 24

What is the main vein?

Answer 24

The main Vein is the Vena cava

Both begin with V

Question 25

Where does the right hand side pump blood to?

Answer 25

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 26

Where does the left hand side of the heart pump blood to?

Answer 26

Oxygenated blood around the body

Question 27

What is the aorta and what does it do?

Answer 27

Largest artery in the body

Carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body

Question 28

What is the Vena Cava and what does it do?

Answer 28

The Vena Cava is the largest vein in the body

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart

Question 29

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 29

Carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 30

What does the pulmonary vein do?

Answer 30

Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 31

What are the atria?

Answer 31

Where the blood collect when it enters the heart

Question 32

What do ventricles do?

Answer 32

Pump blood our of the heart to the lungs or around the body

Question 33

What does the septum do?

Answer 33

Separates the right and left side of the heart

Question 34

What is the sino atrial node?

Answer 34

The hearts natural pace maker