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Question 1

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Sexual reproduction is the fusion of male and female gamete. The mixture of genetic information from two parents lead to variety in offspring.

Question 2

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction does not include the fusion of gametes and only one individual is needed as the parent. Offspring are clones.

Question 3

What is meiosis?

Answer 3

Sexual reproduction and results in the formation of four genetically non-identical daughter cells.

Question 4

What is mitosis?

Answer 4

Asexual reproduction and results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 5

What is the name of the cell formed by the fusion of two gametes?

Answer 5

Zygote

Question 6

In what organisms is asexual reproduction common in?

Answer 6

Single celled organisms like bacteria

plants

Question 7

Why might not all clones/organisms produced look alike?

Answer 7

Due to environmental factors that may contribute.

Question 8

What is fertilisation?

Answer 8

The fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism. In animals this includes the fusion of ovum and sperm in the overact to produce a zygote which develops into an embryo. In plants this involves pollen and an ovum which creates a zygote, then an embryo then a seed.

Question 9

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction/meiosis?

Answer 9

• allows variation in offspring
• if there are environmental changes, variation has survival advantages….adapt
• selective breeding

Question 10

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction/mitosis?

Answer 10

• do not have to look for mate-saves energy and time
• lots can be produced in favourable conditions
• most efficient -faster and lots can be produced in short time.

Question 11

What is meiosis?

Answer 11

Sexual reproduction is the fusion (joining together) of male and female gametes. Cells in reproductive organs divide by meiosis to create gametes. Gametes contain half of the number of chromosomes (containing DNA) found in all body cells.

Question 12

What is the nucleus

Answer 12

Nucleus contains DNA and controls activities of the cell

Question 13

What is DNA

Answer 13

Chemical contain all coded info for making an organism work.
Tightly coiled
Polymer
Double helix structure that all genetic material is made from

Question 14

What is a Gene

Answer 14

A small section of DNA found in a chromosome. Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make specific proteins

Question 15

What is a chromosome

Answer 15

Contains DNA and normally come in pairs

Question 16

Biggest to smallest Gene Nucleus DNA chromosome

Answer 16

Nucleus Chromosome DNA Gene

Question 17

What is the genome of an organism?

Answer 17

The entire genetic material of that organism

Question 18

Advantages of the genome ?

Answer 18

• allowed scientist to identify genes in the genome that are linked to different types of disease
• can be used in tracing of human migration patterns
• better understanding of inherited disorders/diseases and help develop treatment for them

Question 19

What is a polymer?

Answer 19

lots of repeating units the are all the same

Question 20

DNA strands are polymers made up ….

Answer 20

of lots of repeating units called nucleotides

Question 21

What do nucleotides consist of/structure?

Answer 21

• one sugar molecule
• one phosphate molecule
• one of the four different bases (A,C,T,G)

Question 22

What do the non-coding parts of the DNA do?

Answer 22

-switch genes off and on and this controls wether the gene is expressed or not (used to make protein)