Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Critical Care Paramedic > 1-9: Blood Administration > Flashcards

1-9: Blood Administration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards NREMT® Paramedic flashcards
1
Q

What kinds of things does the plasma contain?

A

albumin (protein), fibrinogen (clotting factors), and globulins (antibodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is another name for the “Rh” antigen that can be found on RBCs

A

D antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What would happen if someone with Rh- blood were exposed to someone with Rh+ blood?

A

antibodies to the antigens could be produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What would happen if someone with Rh+ blood were exposed to someone with Rh- blood?

A

There would be no issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the indications for Rhogam?

A

Women who are Rh- and pregnant

Given at 28 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are the antibodies and antigens for each of the blood types?

A

A:
A antigens on the RBCs
anti-B antbodies in the plasma
B:
B antigens on the RBCs
anti-A antibodies in the plasma
AB:
A and B antigens on the RBCs
no antibodies in the plasma
O:
no antigens on the RBCs
A and B antibodies in the plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What problems will arise if hemoglobin is low?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What problems will arise if hematocrit is low?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of giving whole blood or packed RBCs?

A

to restore circulating blood volume
to improve oxygen carrying capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the infusion rate for whole blood and packed RBCs?

A

25-50 mL during the first 15 min, then adjust rate to infuse within 4 hours. Infusion can not exceed 4 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What might we do for a patient who has a hx of transfusion reaction before the transfusion starts?

A

pre-medicate with antipyretics and antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

After how long of thawing at room temperature can blood NOT be returned to the bank

A

30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What specific lab value should be monitored in patients receiving large volumes of blood

A

calcium levels- pt can be hypocalcemic because the citrate in whole blood binds calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the point of giving PRBCs

A

They increase the hgb by 1 g/dl/unit and the hct by 2-3% per unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the point of giving FFP

A
  • to expand plasma volume
  • to correct a coag factor deficiency
  • to treat over anticoagulation by warfarin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the infusion rate for FFP?

A

as fast as the patient can tolerate

4-10 mL/min or 1-2 hours

not to exceed 2 hours

17
Q

When is FFP indicated?

A

patients with active bleeding or documented coagulation factor deficiencies.

18
Q

FFP should be given within __ hours of thawing

A

6

19
Q

What is the point of giving platelets

A
  • to increase platelet count
  • to treat thrombocytopenia
  • to treat leukemia and marrow aplasia
  • to treat bleeding associated with effects of antiplatelet drugs
20
Q

What is the infusion rate for platelets?

A

5 mL/min initially and increase as tolerated. Not to exceed 4 hour infusion.

21
Q

When should you avoid administering platelets

A

when the patient has a fever

22
Q

IV cath smaller than ____ g should not be used for blood administration

A

20

23
Q

If the patient has a temperature >/= ____ following blood administration, you must call the physician.

A

38 C / 100.4 F

24
Q

What is the crystalloid of choice used to prime blood tubing?

A

NS

25
Q

How often should blood administration sets be changed?

A

after 2 units or 4 hours

26
Q

At what temperature range should blood be warmed?

A

32 - 37 C
Tem should not exceed 40 C

27
Q

How long after an infusion can a reaction occur?

A

can occur within 5 min or after up to 14 days (!!!)

28
Q

What should you do if your patient begins to have signs of a transfusion reaction?

A
  • stop the transfusion
  • change the tubing and maintain iv access
  • assess the pt, obtain VS
  • contact the physician
  • keep the blood bag and tubing
  • give an antihistamine and antipyretic
29
Q

What are subtle signs of a transfusion reaction

A

increased HR and temp

30
Q

What is TRALI?

A

transfusion related acute lung injury
- neutrophils from blood products are segregated in pulmonary capillaries and activated.
- damages the endothelial layer of the alveoli
- most patients recover within 48 hours with appropriate ventilator and hemodynamic support.

31
Q

What is TACO

A

transfusion-related associated circulatory overload
- the increase in fluid from blood products causes an increase in CVP and pulmonary blood volume
- the pressure causes fluid to collect in the lungs

32
Q

What is the pattern of administration of blood products for thrombocytopenia

A
  1. FFP
  2. platelets
  3. PRBC
33
Q

____ of calcium should be administered every _____ units of blood

A

500 mg, 3-5

34
Q

Why should acid-base values be monitored closely when administering blood products?

A
  • Lactic acid in the blood pack can cause an acid load on the body
  • also… citrate is metabolized to bicarb leading to a metabolic alkalosis.
    • alkalosis may lead to hypokalemia
35
Q

Which type of blood product is used to correct a coagulation factor deficiency?

A

FFP

36
Q

Which type of blood product is used to improve oxygen carrying capacity?

A

Whole blood

37
Q

Patients with hepatic disease may be prone to what type of complication following a large blood transfusion?

A

ammonia intoxication

38
Q

True or false- the most common cause of a transfusion reaction is the inadvertent administration of incompatible blood

A

true

Critical Care Paramedic (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions