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Parasite Biology > 1-9 > Flashcards

1-9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Monogenea

A

(Platyhelminthes) direct lifestyle, mostly found on external surfaces of fish and amphibia, e.g. Gyrodactilus, but also sometimes endoparasitic e.g Polystoma

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2
Q

Digenea

A

(Platyhelmenthes) flukes or trematodes; adults endoparasitic, e.g Schistosoma, Fasciola (liver fluke), Dicrocoelium (bile ducts of ruminants); other stages in snails and other intermediate hosts.

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3
Q

Eucestoda

A

(Platyhelminthys) tapeworms, e.g. Echinococcus (dog tapeworm, hydatid disease in humans)’ Diphyllobothrium (fish tapeworm, Tenia (adult - beef and pork tapeworms, larvae - cysticercosis.

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4
Q

Excavata

A

(Parasitic protists or protozoa)

Flagellates - locomotion by one or more flagella, e.g Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Giardia, Trichomonas.

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5
Q

Uniconta

A

(Parasitic protists or protozoa)

Amoeba - locomotion by pseudopodia, but may also have stage with a flagellum, e.g Enthamoeba, Naegleria, Acanthampeba

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6
Q

Chromalveolata

A

(Parasitic protists or protozoa)
Apicomplexa - spore-forming protozoa - no obvious means of locomotion, move by gliding, except for flagellated gamete stage, e.g. Plasmodium, Eimeria, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium

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7
Q

microparasites

A

Protozoa (bacteria viruses)
ONE IN, BECOME MANY.
One individual can kill/parasitase the host by binary fusion

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8
Q

Macroparasites

A

Worms - NEED TWO WORMS ONE OF WHICH FEMALE in order to parasitize (need a mate if not fertilised before arrival). The number of parasites that enter is the number you remain with.

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9
Q

obligatory parasite

A

Always parasitic for at least half of lifecycle/ a stage in the environment.

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10
Q

Facultative parasites

A

Becomes parasitic if opportunity arises - accidental infection , free living usually

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11
Q

Definitive host

A

Host in which parasite undergoes SEXUAL reproduction

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12
Q

Intermediate host

A

Host in which parasite develops or multiplies, but does NOT undergoes SEXUAL reproduction

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13
Q

Vector

A

Micropredator that actively delivers parasites to the next host e.g malaria mosquito. Could be the definitive or intermediate but a vector in the same time

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14
Q

Paratenic host

A

Transport host. No development or multiplication of parasites (does not develop staus in the same larvae stage)

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15
Q

zoonosis

A

Disease naturally transmitted by VERTEBRATE animals and mammals

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16
Q

tapeworm anatomy terminology

A 
= cestodes
Head = scolex
Body =  strobila
Larvae stage = cysticerus
oncosphere = larval form of a tapeworm once it has been ingested by an intermediate host animal.
17
Q

apicoplast

A

a relic chloroplast found in plasmodium

18
Q

the two life stages of Toxoplasma gondii

A

tachyzoites - fast, inside the body, can attack many nuclei cells.
bradyzoites - slow, in cysts

19
Q

have reliquary mitochondria

A

Giardia duodenalis - mitosome

20
Q

Anaerobic metabolism - where and what

A

Trichomonas vaginalis – hydrogenosome, modified mitochondrion that produces ATP releasing hydrogen as a biproduct.

21
Q

cercaria

A

larval digenean stage, usually released from mollusc intermediate host. plural - cercariae

22
Q

helminth

A

parasitic worms, generally meaning the platyhelminths, nematodes and acanthocephalans

23
Q

miracidium

A

ciliated stage released from digenean egg, which usually infects the mollusc intermediate host

24
Q

oncomiracidium

A

ciliated larval stage of monogeneans

25
Q

plerocercoid

A

larval cestode that infective to the definitive host

26
Q

procercoid

A

larval cestode in the first intermediate host

27
Q

proglottid

A

‘segment’ of cestode body, each of which is a reproductive unit

28
Q

redia

A

intra-molluscan, intermediate, feeding stage of digenean

29
Q

scolex

A

anterior-most end of cestodes, by which attachment to the host occurs

30
Q

sporocyst

A

intra-molluscan, non-feedidng, intermediate stage of digenean

Parasite Biology (3 decks)

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