1-9 Flashcards
Monogenea
(Platyhelminthes) direct lifestyle, mostly found on external surfaces of fish and amphibia, e.g. Gyrodactilus, but also sometimes endoparasitic e.g Polystoma
Digenea
(Platyhelmenthes) flukes or trematodes; adults endoparasitic, e.g Schistosoma, Fasciola (liver fluke), Dicrocoelium (bile ducts of ruminants); other stages in snails and other intermediate hosts.
Eucestoda
(Platyhelminthys) tapeworms, e.g. Echinococcus (dog tapeworm, hydatid disease in humans)’ Diphyllobothrium (fish tapeworm, Tenia (adult - beef and pork tapeworms, larvae - cysticercosis.
Excavata
(Parasitic protists or protozoa)
Flagellates - locomotion by one or more flagella, e.g Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Giardia, Trichomonas.
Uniconta
(Parasitic protists or protozoa)
Amoeba - locomotion by pseudopodia, but may also have stage with a flagellum, e.g Enthamoeba, Naegleria, Acanthampeba
Chromalveolata
(Parasitic protists or protozoa)
Apicomplexa - spore-forming protozoa - no obvious means of locomotion, move by gliding, except for flagellated gamete stage, e.g. Plasmodium, Eimeria, Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium
microparasites
Protozoa (bacteria viruses)
ONE IN, BECOME MANY.
One individual can kill/parasitase the host by binary fusion
Macroparasites
Worms - NEED TWO WORMS ONE OF WHICH FEMALE in order to parasitize (need a mate if not fertilised before arrival). The number of parasites that enter is the number you remain with.
obligatory parasite
Always parasitic for at least half of lifecycle/ a stage in the environment.
Facultative parasites
Becomes parasitic if opportunity arises - accidental infection , free living usually
Definitive host
Host in which parasite undergoes SEXUAL reproduction
Intermediate host
Host in which parasite develops or multiplies, but does NOT undergoes SEXUAL reproduction
Vector
Micropredator that actively delivers parasites to the next host e.g malaria mosquito. Could be the definitive or intermediate but a vector in the same time
Paratenic host
Transport host. No development or multiplication of parasites (does not develop staus in the same larvae stage)
zoonosis
Disease naturally transmitted by VERTEBRATE animals and mammals
tapeworm anatomy terminology
= cestodes Head = scolex Body = strobila Larvae stage = cysticerus oncosphere = larval form of a tapeworm once it has been ingested by an intermediate host animal.
apicoplast
a relic chloroplast found in plasmodium
the two life stages of Toxoplasma gondii
tachyzoites - fast, inside the body, can attack many nuclei cells.
bradyzoites - slow, in cysts
have reliquary mitochondria
Giardia duodenalis - mitosome
Anaerobic metabolism - where and what
Trichomonas vaginalis – hydrogenosome, modified mitochondrion that produces ATP releasing hydrogen as a biproduct.
cercaria
larval digenean stage, usually released from mollusc intermediate host. plural - cercariae
helminth
parasitic worms, generally meaning the platyhelminths, nematodes and acanthocephalans
miracidium
ciliated stage released from digenean egg, which usually infects the mollusc intermediate host
oncomiracidium
ciliated larval stage of monogeneans
plerocercoid
larval cestode that infective to the definitive host
procercoid
larval cestode in the first intermediate host
proglottid
‘segment’ of cestode body, each of which is a reproductive unit
redia
intra-molluscan, intermediate, feeding stage of digenean
scolex
anterior-most end of cestodes, by which attachment to the host occurs
sporocyst
intra-molluscan, non-feedidng, intermediate stage of digenean
