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Question 1

The urinary system is the main excretory system which consists of?

Answer 1

• 2 kidneys
• 2 ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 2

Functions of the Urinary System?

Answer 2

1-Excretion of metabolic waste products (from the blood, such as excess salts and toxins.)
2-Maintenance of water balance.
3-Regulation of acid-base balance.
4-Regulation of blood pressure
5-Regulation of Red Blood Cell Production

Question 3

If blood pressure falls , cells in the kidneys release…………, an enzyme that activates ………….., that causes blood vessels to constrict, thus raising blood pressure.

Answer 3

renin, angiotensin

Question 4

When the kidneys do not get enough oxygen, they produce the hormone…………

Answer 4

erythropoietin

which stimulates the red cell production in the bone marrow

Question 5

• what shape is the kidney?
• where is the kidney located?
• what is each kidney held by?
• what is the layer the kidney is surrounded by?

Answer 5

• bean shaped
• posterior abdominal wall
• renal fascia (which is thin fat)
• perirenal fat (which helps to protect it)

Question 6

What’s the structure of the kidney (5)

Answer 6

o Renal Capsule: Outer membrane which encloses and protects
kidneys against infections and trauma.
o The Renal Cortex: Outer layer of the kidney.
o The Renal Medulla: Inner layer of the kidney.
o Renal pyramids projecting into a funnel space called renal pelvis
o Renal pelvis is a cavity which lies in the center of the kidney and which extends into the ureter.

Question 7

Which side of a kidney has a depression where a renal artery enters and a renal vein and a ureter exit the kidney?

Answer 7

Concave

Question 8

• What does the renal artery do?

- What does the renal vein do?

Answer 8

• transports blood to be filtered to the kidneys

- carries filtered blood away from the kidneys

Question 9

the kidney is composed of over 1 million nephrons, sometimes called………or………..

Answer 9

renal or kidney tubules