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Question 1

stem (v.t)

Answer 1

to stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing
阻擋；阻止；遏制

> These measures are designed to stem the rise of violent crime.
這些措施旨在遏制暴力犯罪增加。
We must take action to stem the tide of resignations.
我們必須採取行動制止愈演愈烈的辭職潮。

Question 2

hobble (v)

Answer 2

to limit something or control the freedom of someone
約束，限制

> A long list of amendments have hobbled the new legislation.
一長串的修正案限制了這項新立法。

Question 3

drastic (adj.)

Answer 3

(especially of actions) severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects
（尤指行動）嚴厲的，猛烈的，激烈的

> drastic measures
嚴厲的措施
Many employees have had to take drastic cuts in pay.
許多員工不得不接受大幅降薪。

Question 4

authoritarian (adj.)

Answer 4

demanding that people obey completely and refusing to allow them freedom to act as they wish
獨裁的；專制的

> an authoritarian regime/government/ruler
獨裁政權／政府統治者
His manner is extremely authoritarian.
他的作風極其專斷。

Question 5

regime (n.)

Answer 5

a particular government or a system or method of government
政府；政權；政體

> The old corrupt, totalitarian regime was overthrown.
腐敗的舊極權政府被推翻。

Question 6

scope 2

Answer 6

1. the range of a subject covered by a book, programme, discussion, class, etc.
   範圍

> I’m afraid that problem is beyond/outside the scope of my lecture.
恐怕那個問題超出了我的課程範圍。
Oil painting does not come within the scope of a course of this kind.
油畫不在這類課程範圍內。

2. the opportunity for doing something
   （做某件事的）餘地，機會
   >There is limited scope for further reductions in the workforce.
   進一步裁員的餘地有限。

Question 7

clampdown (n.)

Answer 7

a sudden action taken by a government or people in authority to stop or limit a particular activity
取締；嚴禁；強行限制；壓制

> Following the military coup, there has been a clampdown on press reporting in the capital.
軍事政變後，首都的新聞報道受到了嚴格限制。

Question 8

authoritarian (n.)

Answer 8

an authoritarian person
獨裁者

> My father was a real authoritarian so we were brought up very strictly.
我父親非常專制，所以我們從小受的教育很嚴格。

Question 9

totalitarian (adj.)

Answer 9

of or being a political system in which those in power have complete control and do not allow people freedom to oppose them
極權主義的

> a totalitarian regime/state
極權主義政權／國家

Question 10

military coup

Answer 10

軍事政變

Question 11

protective (adj.)

Answer 11

wanting to protect someone from criticism, hurt, danger, etc. because you like them very much
對（某人）關切保護的；願意做…保護人的

> It’s easy to be too protective towards/of your children.
對自己的孩子容易過於呵護。
She’s fiercely protective of the man she married 29 years ago.
她對她29年前嫁的那個男人呵護備至。

Question 12

extenuating (adj.)

Answer 12

causing a wrong act to be judged less seriously by giving reasons for it:
情有可原的；有助於減輕罪刑的

> She was found guilty of theft, but because of extenuating circumstances was not sent to prison.

Question 13

criterion

Answer 13

pl. criteria
a standard by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something
（作出評判、決定或處理的）標準，準則

> The Health Service should not be judged by financial criteria alone.
公共醫療衛生服務不應僅僅以財務狀況的好壞爲標準來評判。

Question 14

decree (n.)

Answer 14

an official statement that something must happen
法令，政令；命令

> The decree stopped short of a full declaration of independence.
這項法令差一點就宣佈完全獨立了。
More than 200 people were freed by military decree.
軍方下令釋放200多人。

Question 15

inmate (n.)

Answer 15

a person who is kept in a prison or a hospital for people who are mentally ill
（監獄中的）囚犯；（精神病院中的）病人

Question 16

coup (n.) 2

Answer 16

1. an unexpectedly successful achievement
   意想不到的成功

> It was a tremendous coup for the local paper to get an exclusive interview with Prince Charles.
當地報紙能獨家採訪到查爾斯王子是破天荒的成功。
I got him to come to a party, which was something of a coup.
我說服了他來參加聚會，實屬意外之得。

2. a sudden illegal, often violent, taking of government power, especially by part of an army
   政變；（尤指）軍事政變

> a military coup
軍事政變

Question 17

set off

Answer 17

to start a trip

> What time do we set off tomorrow?

Question 18

curfew (n.)

Answer 18

a rule that everyone must stay at home between particular times, usually at night, especially during a war or a period of political trouble
（尤指戰爭或政治動盪時期實行的）宵禁，戒嚴

to impose/lift a curfew
實行／取消戒嚴
a midnight curfew
午夜宵禁
He was shot for breaking (= not obeying) the curfew.
他因違反宵禁令而遭到槍擊。

Question 19

renounce (v.)

Answer 19

to say formally or publicly that you no longer own, support, believe in, or have a connection with something
聲明放棄；宣佈放棄；棄絕

> Her ex-husband renounced his claim to the family house.
她的前夫宣佈放棄對家裡房子的所有權要求。
Gandhi renounced the use of violence.
甘地聲明放棄使用暴力。

Question 20

stringent (adj.) 2

Answer 20

1. having a very severe effect, or being extremely limiting
   嚴重的；嚴格的，苛刻的

> The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them.
除非能夠堅持嚴格執法，否則即使是世界上最嚴苛的法律也毫無用處。
We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards.
我們需要採取更為嚴格的安全措施，例如發放身份識別卡。
Stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident.
事故之後制定了嚴格的安全規範。

2. involving not enough money being available for borrowing as a result of firm controls on the amount of money in an economy
   緊縮的，銀根緊的

> Already low living standards have been worsened by stringent economic reforms.
緊縮財政的經濟改革使得原本就低落的生活水準雪上加霜。