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1
Q

Supranuclear Palsy symptoms

A

Dysarthria, dysphagia, and symmetric axial rigidity (stiff unstable posture), toppling gait
Initially presents with executive function and personality changes

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2
Q

Second Impact Syndrome

A

Brain swelling that occurs after even minor brain injuries following an initial concussion

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3
Q

Coup and Contrecoup injuries

A

intraparenchymal hemorrhage of thefrontal lobes, anterior temporal
subarachnoid hemorrhages can also occur

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4
Q

Aβ protein

A

Abnormal protein in Alzheimer’s disease derived from APP after cleavage by β and γ secretases.
Cleavage of β secretase product by γ secretase results in toxic Aβ42 or the nontoxic Aβ40 peptide;
Cleavage of the α secretase product by γ secretase produces the nontoxic P3 peptide.

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5
Q

Amyloid plaques

A

found in Alzheimer’s disease, made up of Aβ protein

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6
Q

Anton’s Syndrome

A

Cortical blindness + other cortical lesions
Patients deny their blindness despite objective evidence of visual loss, and moreover confabulate to support their stance.

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7
Q

Fregoli Delusion

A

Delusion that different people the person meets are all actually 1 person in different disguises
Can be caused by injury to R Frontal + L Temporoparietal areas
One of the delusional misidentification syndromes

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8
Q

Capgras Delusion

A

Delusion that a someone close to the person has been replaced by an impostor
One of the delusional misidentification syndromes

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9
Q

Cotard Delusion

A

Delusional belief that the person is dead, is decomposing, or missing their internal organs, or does not exist
Possibly related to dysfunction of fusiform gyrus (fusiform face area)

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10
Q

Todd’s Syndrome/Alice in Wonderland Syndrome

A

Distortions in size and depth perception

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11
Q

Raccoon Sign

A

Periorbital ecchymosis due to basilar skull fracture

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12
Q

Battle’s Sign

A

Postauricular ecchymosis (over the mastoid process) due to middle fossa fracture/temporal bone fracture

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13
Q

Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia

A

50% of people with MCI develop dementia in 3 years

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14
Q

Anosmia + Lack of taste

A

Occipital head injuries = leads to shearing of olfactory nerves through cribriform plate

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15
Q

Brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s

A

More focused on posterior cortex and medial temporal lobes.
Earliest and most severe degeneration is usually found in the medial temporal lobe (entorhinal/perirhinal cortex and hippocampus), lateral temporal cortex, and nucleus basalis of Meynert.

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16
Q

Median nerve injury

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

hand of benediction (looks like ulnar claw but occurs when trying to make a fist)

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17
Q

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment

A

4th and pinkie finger (ulnar claw)

Weakened intrinsic muscles

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18
Q

Biceps Reflex

A

C5-C6 (Biceps/Brachioradialis)

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19
Q

Triceps Reflex

A

C7-C8 (Triceps)

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20
Q

Patellar Reflex

A

L3-L4 (Quads)

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21
Q

Cremasteric Reflex

A

L1-L2 (Cremasteric muscle)

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22
Q

Ankle Reflex

A

S1-S2 (Gastrocnemius)

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23
Q

Anal Wink Reflex

A

S3-S4 (Anal sphincter)

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24
Q

Deep brain hemorrhages (basal ganglia and other regions)

A

Shearing forces

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25
Q

Percentage of delirium cases with pre-existing history of dementia

A

2/3 (67%)

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26
Q

Melanie Klein

A

aggression > annihilation anxiety (paranoid schizoid position) > splitting and projection > despair and reparation (depressive position - object constancy achieved)

27
Q

Winniecott

A

Good enough parent is sufficiently attuned and responsive to a child’s needs to allow the child to become aware of the child’s own drives

28
Q

Social Smile

29
Q

Rolling over

A

3-4 months

30
Q

grasping with 1 hand

31
Q

doubling of birth weight

A

4-6 months

32
Q

regaining birth weight

A

within 2 weeks

33
Q

Parallel play

A

12-18 months

34
Q

sitting independently

A

6-8 months

35
Q

Pincer grasp

A

7-9 months

36
Q

transfer of an object from 1 hand to another

37
Q

5-10 words

38
Q

moral emotions (shame, guilt, pride)

A

18-36 months

39
Q

quadrupling of birth weight

40
Q

fear, joy, surprise

A

2-7 months

41
Q

Separation anxiety

A

18-36 months

42
Q

Cooing in communication

A

2-7 months

43
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

7-18 months

44
Q

Kohut

A

Self-Psychology and Narcissism - narcissistic psychopathology is a result of parental lack of empathy during development. Consequently, the individual does not develop full capacity to regulate self esteem.

45
Q

pick up a cup, drink from it, and put it down without much spilling.

46
Q

feeding a parent or doll (early symbolic play)

47
Q

lace own shoes

48
Q

feed self neatly

49
Q

copy a circle

50
Q

copy a cross

51
Q

draw a simple stick figure

52
Q

draw a person with recognizable body parts

53
Q

copy a square

54
Q

vocabulary rate

A

50 words per day until age 6

55
Q

normal vocabulary for a 2 year old

A

200-300 words

56
Q

normal vocabulary for a 3 year old

A

900-1000 words

57
Q

normal vocabulary for a 4 year old

A

1500-1600 words

58
Q

normal vocabulary for a 5 year old

A

2100-2200 words

59
Q

normal vocabulary for a 6 year old

A 
2600 words (expressive)
20000-24000 words (Receptive
60
Q

normal vocabulary for a 12 year old

A

50000 receptive

61
Q

ride a tricycle well, climb on a jungle gym, and throw a ball overhand

A

4 year olds

62
Q

stand on one foot, jump, run smoothly, and climb stars using alternating feet

A

3 year olds

63
Q

Piaget’s Four Factors that Influence Cognitive Behavior

A
  1. Maturation of the nervous system
  2. Experience
  3. Social transmission of information or teaching
  4. Equilibration

Psychiatry Boards (1 decks)

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