1 Flashcards
Travel thru CTR and SOF
NOA
Nasociliary (V1)
Oculomotor (3)
Abducens (6)
Travel thru SOF, above CTR
FLighT Frontal (V1) Lacrimal (V1) Trochlear (4) And superior ophthalmic vein
Travel thru IOF, below CTR
Inferior ophthalmic vein
Travel thru optic canal
Optic nerve
Ophthalmic artery
Which layer of the eye is not found in the limbus as it is defined histologically
Bowman’s
By definition, is anterior to the border of the limbus
Which structure is composed of modified skin and contains goblet cells
Caruncle
What is responsible for the production of the lens capsule
Lens epithelium
Which nerves innervate the conj
Lacrimal (V1)
Long posterior ciliary
Infraorbital (V2)
Innervation of iris sphincter
PNS fibers in SPCNs
PNS from EW nucleus travel with CN3, synapse at ciliary ganglion (e.g. ADies)
Innervation of iris dilator
SNS fibers in LPCNs and SPCNs
SNS from superior cervical ganglion (without synapsing) travel with L/SPCNs to dilator
Eyelid epidermis vs other parts of body
Lacks adipose tissue
Thinner
Cell bodies of somatic system lie in
Ventral horn
Which structure within the lower MB is responsible for reflex responses of the head and neck to auditory stimuli
Inferior colliculus
Circle of Willis composed of
Anterior and posterior communicating
Anterior and posterior cerebrals
Internal carotid
Oral bays vs dentate processes
OB: pLana extending into retina
DP: retina extending into plana
Areas of sclera containing elastic fibers (3)
Lamina cribrosa
Scleral spur
Lamina fusca
NTMs
- most widely distributed
- who uses glutamate
- who uses glycine
GABA
Glut: PR, BP, GC
Glyc: retina, brain stem, spinal cord
Frontal lobe (4)
Personality
Planning
Production of speech = Broca’s
FEFs = saccades (contral), near pupillary response
Parietal lobe (2)
Pursuits (ipsi)
Sensory - e.g. pt knows a pen is used for writing, but unable to call it a pen
Temporal lobe (2)
Hippocampus = short-term memory, spatial recognition
Wernicke’s = speech recognition
-“wordy speech”: perfect sounding speech, but words do not make any sense
Medulla
- contents (2)
- functions (3)
MLF
CNs: 9-12
Autonomic: breathing, heart rate, digestion
Telencephalon and Diencephalon
Separated by optic chiasm
T = behind
D = in front of chiasm, incr eye (outgrowth)
Hypothalamus regulates (3)
Body temp
Eating
Sleeping
Unhealthy optic nerve
- normal app
- edematous
- atrophic
Norm: retrobulbar optic neuritis
Edema:
- unilateral = inflammation (TB, sarcoid), vascular (DM), ischemic (N/AAION), compression (TED)
- bilateral = HTN, tumor, inflammation, pseudotumor cerebri
Atrophic:
- primary = toxic (alcohol, ethambutol), hereditary (Leber’s), trauma, ortho/retrograde
- secondary = anything after edematous
What to think of for:
- AAION
- NAION
AAION = temporal arteritis = GCA
- jaw claudication
- anorexia
NAION
- assoc with meds (VIAgra), apnea, nocturnal brady, DM
- disc at risk
AAION
- who
- pathophys
> 55yo
Secondary to occlusion of SPCAs
Most common cause GCA/temporal arteritis
-less commonly polyarteritis nodosa, SLE, HZV
AAION
-signs/symp
Signs: unilateral disc edema + APD + decr vision
Symp:
- ocular: AMAUROSIS FUGAX, sudden vision loss
- systemic: temporal HA, JAW CLAUDICATION, NECK PAIN, ANOREXIA, tender/nodular temporal artery, malaise, fever, myalgia, scalp tenderness
AAION
-diagnostics
Evaluate STAT for elevated:
- ESR: > age/2 men, > (age + 10)/2 women
- CRP: >2.45 mg/dL
- Platelets: >400k
Elevated ESR and CRP are 97% specific for GCA
NAION
- who
- pathophys
> 50yo with hx of HTN, DM, and/or hypercholesterolemia
90% have small, crowded disc with C/D <0.3 (“disc at risk”)
Secondary to irreversible ischemia and anterior optic nerve due to unknown etiology
Nocturnal hypotension may contribute to development
NAION
-signs/symp
Signs: decr vision, APD, unilateral disc edema, VF loss (esp inferior altitudinal)
Symp: sudden, painless, NON-PROGRESSIVE vision loss
- often occurs upon awakening
- rarely improves after initial onset
NAION
-diagnostics
No assoc with systemic symptoms (vs AAION/GCA)
Normal ESR/CRP/platelets
DX OF EXCLUSION
