1

Question 1

Travel thru CTR and SOF

Answer 1

NOA
Nasociliary (V1)
Oculomotor (3)
Abducens (6)

Question 2

Travel thru SOF, above CTR

Answer 2

FLighT
Frontal (V1)
Lacrimal (V1)
Trochlear (4)
And superior ophthalmic vein

Question 3

Travel thru IOF, below CTR

Answer 3

Inferior ophthalmic vein

Question 4

Travel thru optic canal

Answer 4

Optic nerve

Ophthalmic artery

Question 5

Which layer of the eye is not found in the limbus as it is defined histologically

Answer 5

Bowman’s

By definition, is anterior to the border of the limbus

Question 6

Which structure is composed of modified skin and contains goblet cells

Answer 6

Caruncle

Question 7

What is responsible for the production of the lens capsule

Answer 7

Lens epithelium

Question 8

Which nerves innervate the conj

Answer 8

Lacrimal (V1)
Long posterior ciliary
Infraorbital (V2)

Question 9

Innervation of iris sphincter

Answer 9

PNS fibers in SPCNs

PNS from EW nucleus travel with CN3, synapse at ciliary ganglion (e.g. ADies)

Question 10

Innervation of iris dilator

Answer 10

SNS fibers in LPCNs and SPCNs

SNS from superior cervical ganglion (without synapsing) travel with L/SPCNs to dilator

Question 11

Eyelid epidermis vs other parts of body

Answer 11

Lacks adipose tissue

Thinner

Question 12

Cell bodies of somatic system lie in

Answer 12

Ventral horn

Question 13

Which structure within the lower MB is responsible for reflex responses of the head and neck to auditory stimuli

Answer 13

Inferior colliculus

Question 14

Circle of Willis composed of

Answer 14

Anterior and posterior communicating
Anterior and posterior cerebrals
Internal carotid

Question 15

Oral bays vs dentate processes

Answer 15

OB: pLana extending into retina

DP: retina extending into plana

Question 16

Areas of sclera containing elastic fibers (3)

Answer 16

Lamina cribrosa
Scleral spur
Lamina fusca

Question 17

NTMs

• most widely distributed
• who uses glutamate
• who uses glycine

Answer 17

GABA

Glut: PR, BP, GC

Glyc: retina, brain stem, spinal cord

Question 18

Frontal lobe (4)

Answer 18

Personality
Planning
Production of speech = Broca’s
FEFs = saccades (contral), near pupillary response

Question 19

Parietal lobe (2)

Answer 19

Pursuits (ipsi)

Sensory - e.g. pt knows a pen is used for writing, but unable to call it a pen

Question 20

Temporal lobe (2)

Answer 20

Hippocampus = short-term memory, spatial recognition
Wernicke’s = speech recognition
-“wordy speech”: perfect sounding speech, but words do not make any sense

Question 21

Medulla

• contents (2)
• functions (3)

Answer 21

MLF
CNs: 9-12

Autonomic: breathing, heart rate, digestion

Question 22

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Answer 22

Separated by optic chiasm
T = behind
D = in front of chiasm, incr eye (outgrowth)

Question 23

Hypothalamus regulates (3)

Answer 23

Body temp
Eating
Sleeping

Question 24

Unhealthy optic nerve

• normal app
• edematous
• atrophic

Answer 24

Norm: retrobulbar optic neuritis

Edema:

• unilateral = inflammation (TB, sarcoid), vascular (DM), ischemic (N/AAION), compression (TED)
• bilateral = HTN, tumor, inflammation, pseudotumor cerebri

Atrophic:

• primary = toxic (alcohol, ethambutol), hereditary (Leber’s), trauma, ortho/retrograde
• secondary = anything after edematous

Question 25

What to think of for:

• AAION
• NAION

Answer 25

AAION = temporal arteritis = GCA

• jaw claudication
• anorexia

NAION

• assoc with meds (VIAgra), apnea, nocturnal brady, DM
• disc at risk

Question 26

AAION

• who
• pathophys

Answer 26

> 55yo

Secondary to occlusion of SPCAs
Most common cause GCA/temporal arteritis
-less commonly polyarteritis nodosa, SLE, HZV

Question 27

AAION

-signs/symp

Answer 27

Signs: unilateral disc edema + APD + decr vision

Symp:

• ocular: AMAUROSIS FUGAX, sudden vision loss
• systemic: temporal HA, JAW CLAUDICATION, NECK PAIN, ANOREXIA, tender/nodular temporal artery, malaise, fever, myalgia, scalp tenderness

Question 28

AAION

-diagnostics

Answer 28

Evaluate STAT for elevated:

• ESR: > age/2 men, > (age + 10)/2 women
• CRP: >2.45 mg/dL
• Platelets: >400k

Elevated ESR and CRP are 97% specific for GCA

Question 29

NAION

• who
• pathophys

Answer 29

> 50yo with hx of HTN, DM, and/or hypercholesterolemia
90% have small, crowded disc with C/D <0.3 (“disc at risk”)

Secondary to irreversible ischemia and anterior optic nerve due to unknown etiology
Nocturnal hypotension may contribute to development

Question 30

NAION

-signs/symp

Answer 30

Signs: decr vision, APD, unilateral disc edema, VF loss (esp inferior altitudinal)

Symp: sudden, painless, NON-PROGRESSIVE vision loss

• often occurs upon awakening
• rarely improves after initial onset

Question 31

NAION

-diagnostics

Answer 31

No assoc with systemic symptoms (vs AAION/GCA)

Normal ESR/CRP/platelets

DX OF EXCLUSION