1 Flashcards
Farmer has 24 hour symptoms. Vital signs very bad hypotensive tachycardic and high resps, painful lymphadenopathy up right arm and paronchia of right thumb.
Orf, staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, brucellosis
Orf
Man has 4 month sx of pain in heel which has stopped him walking. An XR demonstrates a Calcaneal spur.
Plantar fasciitis Calcaneal spur (or heel spur) is a bony outgrowth from the calcaneal tuberosity (heel bone) Plantar fasciitis is a common cause of calcaneal spurs. People who are obese, have flat feet, or who often wear high-heeled shoes are most susceptible to heel spurs.
According to NICE guidelines, a patient has a Qrisk of 20%. What Rx?
Atrovastatin 20mg OD: 10 year mortality Qrisk score > 10% -> Give statins
Statins should be taken at night as this is when the majority of cholesterol synthesis takes place.
A pt is informed that as per qrisk2 score, reduces risk heart disease 20%. How many patients like this would need a rx to save one person the bad CV event?
20
true positives
/
true positives + false negatives
sensitivity: ability to detect those with the disease
Specificity: ability to correctly identify those without the disease
TN/(TN+FP)
ECG with ST depression in v2-4. Which part of heart has been damaged
Posterior MI: usually left circumflex, also right coronary
Patient has sudden onset L facial weakness and R arm weakness. They have diplopia on L lateral gaze.
Answers: L cerebral, L brainstem, R cerebral, R brainstem, MLF.
L brainstem (Lateral medullary syndrome= L Brainstem)
Long chat about a guy with bradycardia. His ECG shows broad QRS complexes 40bpm regular and p waves at a rate of 75bpm. Is this 1st degree, 2nd or complete heart block.
Complete heart block
Pancreatitis guy gets v unwell with bibasal crackles his CXR is shown. What is dx
ARDS
CSF Glucose was 4.4 (2-4.4), opening pressure 80cm H20 (normal), lots of white cells.
Viral
HIV guy has brain MRI shows multiple ring enhancing lesions
Toxoplasma: 1st line prophylactic pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + calcium folinate
AIDS pt has disseminated infection with chest, abdominal pain, diarheoa, vomiting etc. He is then treated with multiple drugs, which is most likely organism.
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
Patient with hypokalemia and hyponatremia. What is best Ix
Aldosterone and Plasma Renin Activity.
Cluster headache acute rx: triptans, O2, verapamil
O2
Description woman with dry eyes (Sjogen) what is rx?
Answers: Prednisolone, hypromellose artificial tears,
Rx - Artificial tears, Saliva replacement solutions, NSAIDs and hydroxychloroquine for arthralgia, Immunosuppression for severe systemic disease
Black guy lower 7th same pic as 5th year. Pic shows its lower coz eyebrow also weak. Next test
Examine ear – Infectious causes of facial nerve palsy -> VZV reactivation (RH syndrome), Otitis Media, Malignant otitis externa
Menieres description ie dizzy deaf and vertigo with ear fullness next Ix?
MRI inner ear, Audiometry
Audiometry
Weber lateralises to L ear, Rinne’s positive on the R (AC>BC)
Acoustic neuroma
Hearing loss, has FHx, worsen in preg
Otosclerosis
Ghanian girl 20yo collapses during badminton. O/E has pansystolic murmur mitral region (MR) and ejection systolic murmur (AS) and father had sudden death
HOCM
Patient with HF has found hypokalameia 2, what is cause
Metolazone
Patient has coarse crackles lower lobe. Describes CAP Whats commonest
Strep pneumo
Classic patient has pink urine. He had a URTI 3 days ago.
IgA nephropathy, Post strep
IgA nephropathy,
Heavy smoker has cavitating lesion at L hilum. Bronchoscopy reveals a lesion with Keratin pearl.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma what is next tx
Surgery – unless mets -> Chemo/Radiotherapy
Old person has post prandial pain and pr clear
mesenteric ischemia
Classic stable angina but asthma
Calcium Channel Blocker,
Prolong survival HF
Spironolactone
Calcified heart on CXR kussmaul sign.
Tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, TB pericarditis
constrictive pericarditis
Woman has had headache and been at home a week. Is found unresponsive by neighbour. Her pulse 56, BP 166/86 and fast followed by slow breathing. Cause?
raised ICP
Supports a diagnosis of shy dragger? (type of MSA)
Orthostatic hypotension, atypical tremor, aphasia
Orthostatic hypotension
Pt has nonspecific sx nausea malaise etc and yellow tinge on white objects (Xanthochromia)
Digoxin
Pt has yellow tinge to scan after treated for infection why?
Coamoxiclav
long description of obvious pancreatic cancer first ix
Endoscopic Us, CT, AXR, Abdominal US
Abdominal US (also would do pancreas specific CT and LFTs 1st line
CT scan demonstrated huge renal cancer on R side. Biopsy shows which most likely histology?
Clear cell
Patient has huge ortho op and medullary nail for hip fracture. Next day comes in hugely unwell
fat embolism - Hypoxia + Neuro impairment + Petechai
GCS c. 5 What do you do?
Cuffed tracheal tube, laryngeal mask, tracheostomy
Cuffed tracheal tube
Pt has fit and you as doctor are told by patient he adamant will not tell DVLA. 1) Professional duty not legal to breach confidentiality, 2) legal duty to breach if in pts best interests
Professional duty not legal to breach confidentiality
Hypercalcaemia of malignancy 2 qns one in each paper. First was whats most important initial IV rx?
9% saline, Bisphosphonates
9% saline
what drug to use in hypercalcaemia: IV zoledronate (bisphosphonates), Furosemide
IV zoledronate
Neutropenic sepsis whats most likely org
e coli (previously -> now gram +ve cocci eg Staph, Strep)
Unknown Overdose during argument in a guy recently prescribed antidepressants- which drug. PT was 48, ast 64 (would expect in 1000s and think was an OD after 24 hours). no info pupils:
flumazenil, tricyclic, fluoxetine, paracetamol, Aspirin
Aspirin
2 years ago displaced fracture talus in accident. Now 2 yr later pain - xr shows sclerotic area middle of bone
AVN
Diabetic with ascending weakness. Weird power of how 4/5 and 3/5 mostly in arms and legs. can’t close eyelids properly, reflexes gone planters absent but sensation fine –
Gullian barre, DM, MG, MS.
Gullian barre (variant of GBS -> Miller Fisher syndrome… Ascending weakness + ATAXIA + OPHTHALMOPLEGIA + AREFLEXIA)
Pt has diplopia on R gaze
R abducent palsy
Disseminated renal cell. Progressive pitting oedema legs and distended abdo veins
Hypoalbuminaemia, inginal lymph nodes blocked, IVCO
IVCO
Guy has lots lesions with rough skin on bald forehead. This lesion predisposes to what?
SCC