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Question 1

What is the epithelium

Answer 1

layer of cells that lines the internal and mucosal body surfaces including the resp tract.

Question 2

What is epithelial tissue referred to as?

Answer 2

Respiratory Mucosa

Question 3

What is the air we breath made up of?

Answer 3

78%nitrogen, 21% O2, and other gases

Question 4

How many liters of air do we inhale daily

Answer 4

10,000

Question 5

What is the resp system protected by?

Answer 5

physical barriers and immune system activity

Question 6

What structures are involved in Air Conduction?

Answer 6

tachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

Question 7

What structures are involved in gas exchange?

Answer 7

Resp bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Question 8

Describe differences in cartilage in trachea and bronchi

Answer 8

Trachea has C shaped cart, as well as primary bronchi, secondary and tertiary are irregularly shaped pieces of cart.

Question 9

As bronchi decrease in size what happens to the percent of smooth muscle?

Answer 9

It Increases

Question 10

Describe Resp Mucosa

Answer 10

Ciliated columnar epithelial cells line the trachea and bronchi. Epith cells are vertically arranged in single layer.

Question 11

What are goblet cells?

Answer 11

Mucus secreting cells are interspersed in epithelial cells

Question 12

What is basement membrane

Answer 12

single layer of connective tissue separates the resp mucosa from the submucosa and functions as an anchor for epith. cells and goblet cells

Question 13

What is the Submucosa

Answer 13

layer of connective tissue directly under basement membrane and supports the overlying mucosa.

Question 14

What does the submucosa house?

Answer 14

Submucosal glands, mast cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, blood vessels, goblet cells

Question 15

What are submucosal glands?

Answer 15

2 types, mucous and serous. Secrete fluids that provide moisture the respiratory mucosa need to maintain protective functions

Question 16

What are mast cells

Answer 16

Large, granule containing cells. defend against pathogens, and allergens. inflammatory response when they release granules

Question 17

What do mast cells produce and release?

Answer 17

Heavily concentrated in the resp mucosa, produce and release histamine which contributes to inflammation and the allergic response

Question 18

What is a lymphocyte

Answer 18

Smallest white blood cell critical to immune response bc some types can identify and destroy foreign proteins such as bacteria and viruses.

Question 19

What are fibroblasts?

Answer 19

cells that are integral to the production of elastic connective tissue that helps support the airway and maintain its shape, esp during exhalation

Question 20

What supplies the blood vessels?

Answer 20

The Bronchial arteries supply blood vessels for submucosa, basement membrane, epithelium.

Question 21

What is a goblet cell?

Answer 21

specialized wine glass shaped cells that produce and secrete mucus that lines the airways and moistens the epithelial surface. Mucus is sticky, traps foreign objects that celia sweep away

Question 22

Describe respiratory bronchioles

Answer 22

Tiny air tubes with sparsely distributed alveoli. Function in air conduction and minimal gas exchange.

Question 23

Describe cellular composition of resp bronchiole

Answer 23

lined with simple cuboidal epith, has Clara cells or with simple squamous epith of the alveoli

Question 24

What are alveoli?

Answer 24

bubble-like elastic thin walled structures that are responsible for the lungs vital funtions. exchange of O2, and CO2

Question 25

Describe composition of alveolar wall

Answer 25

simples squamous epithelium, single layer of flat , non-ciliated cells. Thin connective tissue membrane with a network of elastic fibers and blood capillaries support epith.

Question 26

Where are immune cells located? types?

Answer 26

Present in layer of squamous epithelium. Macrophages, lymphocytes and imflammatory cells.

Question 27

What are the 3 layers of the gas exchange barrier?

Answer 27

Epith that lines the alveoli, layer of connective tissue fibers, Endothelium that lines the capillaries

Question 28

What does the smooth muscle in the bronchi do?

Answer 28

Regulates the tone or openness of the airway

Question 29

What do you think the functions of resp mucosa are?

Answer 29

protect airway, mucus secretion, remove irritating substances, initiate immune defense

Question 30

The resp and alveoli are numerous. Flattened they would cover the surface area of?

Answer 30

Tennis court