1

Question 1

What is strategic planning

Answer 1

The process by which an organization envisions it’s future and develop the necessary procedures and operations to achieve the future

Question 2

Tactical or operational planning

Answer 2

Concerned with the setting of specific measurable objective and milestones to be achieved typically in a shorter and more specific time framer

Question 3

programs can

Answer 3

Increase awareness of an issue problem or solution.
Affect attitudes to create support for individual or collective action
Demonstrator illustrate skills
Increased demand for services
Remind about or reinforce knowledge attitudes or behaviours

Question 4

What are the assumptions of program planning

Answer 4

Programming is directed towards change either change your knowledge skills and attitudes and individuals or groups may be directed towards making change and systems communities organizations governments

Programming is a decision making process

Programming is proactive rather than reactive

Programming and Hanses efficiency

Programming is a dynamic continuous process that may be viewed as a never ending circular system

My name is collaborative it involves representatives of all who are affected by it

Question 5

For generic concept assumptions about planning

Answer 5

Planned change, planning is directed towards the cheeping certain outcomes

Linkage planning involves linking to other elements within the organization to which environment and to his learners

Democracy planning should be collaborative and participatory

Translation funny must involve a clear communication of values and objectives and the needs of which these objectives are based

Question 6

What are models

Answer 6

Ideas of one or more person about how program should be put together and what ingredients are necessary to ensure a successful outcomes. They can be simple or very complex they use flow charts usually a step-by-step process but you can move in between the steps

Question 7

Why are models useful

Answer 7

Resources can be used more effectively
Daily work is made easy
Teamwork is fostered
Basis for control is provided
Better programs are developed

Question 8

Why are models usually not used in developing programs

Answer 8

Time pressure
And I stational climate
Lack of knowledge about available models
Leave the models are too confining to be helpful

Question 9

What is a theory

Answer 9

Organize knowledge applicable in a relatively wide variety of circumstances devised to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain the nature of behaviour or a specific set of phenomenons

Question 10

What’s an example of a theory

Answer 10

Health belief model

Question 11

What are a few Competencies of program planners

Answer 11

Sets priorities, his skill that carry no tasks, communicates effectively with clarity, except different opinions, treat others as equals works well on a team, organizes time effectively conveys enthusiasm, is initiating, shows good judgment, is creative, is sensitive empathetic and understanding

Question 12

What are some program planning constraints

Answer 12

learners ability background and motivations may be a deterrent to successful program planning
Politics and policies
Financial constraints
Staffin
Time
physical environment (space is required, cost)
program developer (may have limited knowledge)

Question 13

What are the 4 types of failure

Answer 13

1. aborted planning after resources such as staff time travel other expenses are allotted to the planning of a
2. Insufficient enrolment
3. Negative reactions - not what the participants expected
4. Unattained objectives but still enjoyed

Question 14

1 failure planning for the program is partially completed but is terminated before full implementation. What are the

Answer 14

Design too complex or costly, responsibility of those involve not defined, no consensus on focus of program, client system not well defined

Question 15

2, planning for program is complete and publicize but it does not attract sufficient enrolment. What are the causes

Answer 15

Inappropriate pricing, scheduling, location, not of interest to client group, poorly promoted, competition.

Question 16

Type for failure. The program fail to achieve its objectives. What are the

Answer 16

Unrealistic expectation, and effective instruction, and clear objectives, miscommunication

Question 17

Definition of a need

Answer 17

Process for finding out who has the need, how important it is that the need to be filled and how many people are experiencing the need. Need sis meant may also examine why a particular need exist and they point to some possible solutions for meeting the needs which of been identified

Enable us to obtain valid and reliable information which helps us to better target our services and efforts

Question 18

Real needs

Answer 18

Represent that which is actually lacking in the situation example you need to know how to do 24 hour food recalls for your job but you don’t

Question 19

Normative need

Answer 19

Implies existence of standards or norms

Question 20

Perceived

Answer 20

Or what people think their needs are. These needs are unstable people’s expectations fluctuate and are susceptible to change. With normative needs a single standard exist we perceive need standards change with each responded

Question 21

Felt need

Answer 21

It’s a self identified recognition of what is lacking in the situation, or strong motivator is to enrol in educational events. Felt needs may also be real needs but often are merely symptomatic needs. For example a nutritionist petition for a dental service

Question 22

Symptomatic

Answer 22

Are those filled by people and identified by them is real needs, but which are, in fact, symptoms of underlying real needs. They are valuable as they provide clues to identify and real needs. For example a functionality illiterate adults may focus on the fact he cannot get an appointment some to Maddock need, rather than on the fact that becoming illiterate could help him get a job real need

Question 23

Relative or comparative need

Answer 23

I measured as gaps between levels of services existing in one community and those existing in another

Question 24

Wire needs an assessment important

Answer 24

Justification of funding, program a valuation, match services with needs, increased accountability assessing the needs of specific undeserved subpopulations, resource allocation and decision-making, to act as an equalizer, A way to promote

Question 25

What are the two types of needs

Answer 25

Community assessment and targeted assessments. We did targeted

Question 26

Casual observations

Answer 26

First impression or gut reaction or intuition. It does not use scientific principles or formal design and a subject devices. Information is collected through casual personal observations. Tabulation and Anna analysis methods are not used. It requires minimal time and effort and few if any resources

Question 27

Self check-in need to

Answer 27

Conscious attempt to apply some principles of needs assessment for example using short questionnaire is at sessions talking to others for judgement and dry and some conclusions. There is no formal design. The information is collected through discussion, informal interviews or short simple questionnaires information is tabulated manually. Numerical counts and probably percentages are made. There is little time and effort required some individuals probably do not need to be involved. Resources required include simple information collection instruments. The duration of the assessment is immediate and up to a few days

Question 28

Do it yourself needs

Answer 28

Involve more systematic planning an application of principles of need Sussmans. Usually have surveys were interview/focus groups. Information is collected through questionnaires or tests, food records or reports, systematic observation or interviews or focus groups. Numerical counts and percentages and possibly others statistics. There is more time and effort involved and may take from several months to a year. There may be a written report

Question 29

Field studies needs assessments

Answer 29

Greater attention is paid to scientific principle. Assessment is more involved and complex. There is before and after measures with a comparison group and possibly a control group. No ledge attitudes and behaviours are usually the items measured. Clinical and bio chemical s status may also be measured questionnaires interviews and other measures maybe used results are tabulated and analyzed by a computer study may last for several months up to a year

Question 30

Scientific research needs assessment studies

Answer 30

Aim to identify complex problems. More complex and rigourous designs are used, knowledge attitudes and behaviours are measured. Clinical and bio chemical states and morbidity and mortality may also be measured. Information collected is at a greater depth. More complex statistical analysis is done computers are used nutritionist may or may not be involved in these studies

Question 31

What are limitations of needs assessments

Answer 31

Lack of access to respondents, unwillingness buy some people to participate in any survey or study, purposely deceptive responses given by some, poorly written or confusing questions, that interpretation of results

Question 32

When doing a need to Sussmans what three factors help to side which method to use

Answer 32

Time
Resources: funding and personnel
Knowledge

Question 33

What are the common methods used in needs assessments

Answer 33

Secondary data sources, interview method, key informant method, focus groups, survey methods

Question 34

Secondary data sources

Answer 34

Using existing data. There is often routinely collected types of data.
Advantages: cost and time effective, scope and amount of data available, relative ease of collecting the information

Disadvantages:May not contain all the needed information, technical knowledge is sometimes needed to access and analyze the data, the data may focus on a special segment of the population for example ethnic groups children adolescents and older adults

Examples include demographic literature reports clinical records

Question 35

Interview methods what are the three types of interview methods

Answer 35

The collection of information from respondents through real time face-to-face or telephone contact. To do this you will need to establish rapport for the respondents to feel like ease and free to give candid responses

The three types are structured, semi structured and open ended.
Structured interviews are similar to surveys or questionnaires in that they use a set of specific questions with for specific response choices.

Send me a structured interview methods refer to the use of questions that offer a fix set of response choices but leave one or more unrestricted responses open to respondents to write in their own words.

Open ended or unstructured questions have no restriction for respondents.

Question 36

Advantages and disadvantage is of structured questions

Answer 36

Advantages; questions can be read to the respondent or red and shown in writing, often easier to respond
Disadvantages: need to have a range of response choices, superficial responses, difficult to write questions other unambiguous and clear

Question 37

Advantages and disadvantages of semi structured interviews

Answer 37

Advantages: provide respondents with viable and realistic and convenient response choices that they can select quickly while allowing for unique

Disadvantages: the likelihood that responded will choose from among the fix options whene perhaps a more accurate wants does not fit listed responses adequately

Question 38

Open ended or unstructured interviews advantages and disadvantages

Answer 38

Qualitative responses, Reid arranged before complete responses, allows responses to be completed and qualified in the words of the respondent

Just advantages: reader amount of time needed to code responses, responses may not be easy to code, information does not lend itself to quantification

Question 39

Advantages and disadvantage is of face-to-face interviews

Answer 39

Advantages: more detailed and richer information, opportunity to clarify responses and probe further information, opportunity to explain study, more questions can be asked, increase response rate, avoid problems of a literacy, new issues can be uncovered

Disadvantages: more expensive interviewer may bias data, Data coding more difficult or management tasks, maybe hard to contact people, longer to administer, sample size usually small

Question 40

Advantages and this advantages of telephone interviews

Answer 40

Vantages: less expensive callbacks to make contact or obtain additional information simple and inexpensive, allows for clarification of questions and responses, could be done faster than other methods

Disadvantages: must be kept short interviewer may be viewed with suspicion because of connection with telephone solicitor, may not be representative as precluded people without telephone, several callbacks maybe necessary to contact

Question 41

Key informant method disadvantages

Answer 41

Method presupposes the existence of a select group of people who hold or have access to most of the information needed to assess the target population. Examples are community leaders

Advantages are the ability of participants to completently address specific topics

Disadvantage call reliance on the small number of participants who may be biased in their perceptions

Question 42

Survey Methid

Answer 42

Service are the most commonly selected method for doing needs assessments because they are easy and quick can get a lot of numerical or quantitative data. However inherently complex often miss used difficult to interpret and report results.

Question 43

Developing a program hypothesis

Answer 43

Hypothesis shapes the goals objectives and designs of the program and eventually for monitoring in a valuation of the program. When you design a program you were also proposing hypothesis think of hypothesis of nothing more than if then statements
For example if we provide cardiac nutrition classes then we will prevent cardiovascular

Question 44

Program Goals

Answer 44

Statements of expected outcome dealing with the problem the program is attempting to prevent, eradicate or ameliorate. Schools are not measurable and achievable. They provide program direction and our statements of Long Range accomplishments

Question 45

What two goals and objectives identify

Answer 45

Basic ideas and principles of what you are trying to achieve. They guy decision-making to give meaning and direction to your programming efforts. They provide standards of performance. They can also motivate people to act

Question 46

What are program objectives

Answer 46

They are more precise aims to achieve goals. They are usually specific measurable statements of what one wants to accomplish by a given point in time. Objectives tell us the results to be achieved in the manner in which these results will be achieved

Question 47

Outcome objectives

Answer 47

Statements of the eventual intended outcomes of the program

Question 48

Process

Answer 48

Statements that deal with the procedure and method used in achieving the outcomes identified in the outcome

Question 49

What are requirements for objectives

Answer 49

Clear and specific
Action – oriented verb
Limited in time – whenever possible timeframe should be stated as specific dates
Target of change – specify the population or elements that are expected to be changed at the objective is achieved for example 100 pregnant teens
Results oriented-identify measurable milestones to be achieved during the implementation process . For example process: 100 clients will have been contacted, outcome Dash 50 clients will report improve dietary intake
Criteria for measurement – if the objective cannot be measured the program cannot be evaluated for example to reduce anaemia by 15 percent I measured by haemoglobin status

Question 50

Educational or instructional objectives

Answer 50

Are intended learning outcomes – what clients/patients/students are able to demonstrate at the end of instruction

For example assume you are giving the presentation on Canada’s food guide to healthy eating to children two of your instructional objectives might be: at the completion of the presentation, the children will: name the four food groups, state which foods belong to each group, be willing to taste new and unfamiliar foods

Question 51

When deciding on instructional objectives consider the type of learning outcomes you were interested in achieving

Answer 51

Intellectual outcomes such as knowledge understanding and thinking
Feelings and emotional outcomes such as interest attitude appreciation

Motor skills such as handwriting swimming or operating a sewing machine

Question 52

What are program channels

Answer 52

Face to face: healthcare professionals to patients
Group delivery: worksite or classroom
Organizational
Mass media for example radio television magazine newspaper
Community for examples libraries schools health fairs local governments
A combination of any or all of these

Question 53

Mass media advantages and disadvantage

Answer 53

They can transmit news quickly to broad audience is but cannot alone be expected to motivate people to change their behaviour

Advantage: quickly to broad audience, Publix primary source of information, after many opportunities for messages for example messages in program entertainment public affairs interview shows health column

Disadvantages: maybe a list trusted, constrained by time space and newsworthiness and ability to explain properly and fully, may focus too much attention on new information or information affecting limited segments of the population, increase the chance of miscommunication or controversial news, maybe incomplete, loss of control over how the information is communicated

Question 54

Interpersonal channels

Answer 54

Put health Messages in more familiar context and more likely to be trusted and influential for example through physicians were friends. Developing messages materials and links into interpersonal channels they require time-consuming and costly development it may be more appropriate for long-term exposure to be acceptance of media messages
It’s important to consider that all people learn in different ways and individualized instruction can provide one to one counselling and assist learners who are having difficulty understanding the program and that group instruction requires less personnel or clients can complete the program and participants can be a source of support for each other

Question 55

Community channelsb

Answer 55

Can reinforce and expand upon media messages and offer instruction. Establishing links with community institutions and we can I Seshan’s can shortcut the development of interpersonal roots of influence with the target audience. Interpersonal and community channels can offer support for action and are two-way allowing discussion and clarification encouraging and motivating and reinforcing action

Question 56

Techniques

What are some questions to ask

Answer 56

Specific strategies you use in your chosen channels for example lectures role play etc.

Is the technique suited to the objective, how much time will it take to develop, will there be multiple learnings how much space does it take, what kind of props will it take, what skills does the stuff need

Question 57

Technique should be matched to the desirable behavioural outcomes:

Answer 57

Knowledge: lecture TV debate dialogue interview panel picture discussion

Understanding: audience participation game demonstration problem-solving discussion case discussion

Skills: role-playing, games drill nonverbal exercises coaching

Attitude: experience sharing discussion, group centre discussion, role-playing, critical incidents, case method, games

Values: TV lecture debate I did discussion games

Interests: TV demonstration motion picture slide film dramatization exhibit trips

Question 58

Techniques used to engage listeners during a lecture

Answer 58

Soliciting examples as the participants to offer some examples from their own experience

Dyadic interviews: The lecture stops and select pins and ask the participants to sit in pairs an interview each other about the content

Right left comparison: at appropriate times in the lecture stop and ask the participants to compare the reactions of her sitting on the right or left

Checking understanding: the lecture stops and checks whether the leader learners understand the concepts

Question 59

Panels versus panel forum

Versus expanding

Answer 59

Forums have question. At the end

Expanding has an empty chairs that participants can join in

Question 60

List of techniques used

Answer 60

Lectures, electorates, as panels, panel for him, expanding panel, debate, interview, film, video tapes, presentation, demonstration, coaching, rehearsal, drills, put puzzles, reading, skits, Case study, brainstorming, role-play, mirroring, seminar, workshop, field trip

Question 61

Force Field analysis

Answer 61

A technique for analyzing the forces in the environment which may help or hinder you in carrying out the strategy. For the force Field analysis imagine a straight line representing a tension between all the forces that would help you with the strategy arrows pushing to the right and all the forces that would get in your way hours pushing to the left

Question 62

Guidelines for choosing channels techniques and

Answer 62

Force Field analysis
Review of resources
Check against the evaluative criteria

Question 63

Review of. Resources

Answer 63

Technique used to look at the resources that would be needing to carry out the strategy think about which of these resources are available and which need to be acquired in order to implement the strategy: is this resource needed, is it possible to divert resources to the strategy, is it possible to acquire this resource elsewhere

Question 64

Check against evaluative criteria

Answer 64

Means estimating how will you think each strategy will measure up according to the following criteria: appropriateness adequacy effectiveness efficiency side effects

Question 65

Examples of print

Answer 65

Looks booklets pamphlets brochure newsletters presentation folders postcard binders menus catalogues data sheet

Question 66

When developing your own printed material what should you consider

Answer 66

What is the purpose, what other purposes does it up, who is the message for, how much do you have to say what format will work best how should the peace be written what are your limitations are there any special requirements what are the foreseeable barrier, What are the unknowns how long will your piece being used how will you know if your pieces achieved its goal

Question 67

There are many steps in producing a print the simplest version has just three: writing design and printing. Complex pieces can go through as many as 17 here are a few

Answer 67

Concept of element market research content research writing corrections editing and proofreading design art pretesting design approval preparing printing distributing evaluating

Question 68

Developing and testing message concepts

Answer 68

The needs assessment and channel selected will form the basis for developing message concepts for example your goals and objectives will guide you on what messages should be. Message concepts or messages and rough draft and represent different ways of presenting the information to the target audience

Question 69

Six ways to consider message construction

Answer 69

Clarity: having clear messages and containing few technical terms

Consistency: with current health findings

Main points: should be stressed repeated and never hidden in less important information

Tone an appeal: messages should be reassuring alarming challenging or straightforward depending on the desired impact they should also be truthful honest and complete

Credibility: spokes person and source of information should be believable and trustworthy

Public need: that’s it should be based on what the target audience perceives as most important to them

Question 70

What is pre-testing used for

Answer 70

Answer questions about material. Are they understandable, relevant, attention-getting and memorable, attractive, credible, acceptable to the target audience.

We can also assist comprehension, assess attention, identify strong and weak points, determine personal relevance, gauge sensitive or controversial elements

Question 71

What are the limitations of pre-testing

Answer 71

Can’t absolutely predict or guarantee learning
Can’t often measure small differences in large sample sizes

Not a substitute for experience judgement

Doesn’t guarantee success

Cannot overgeneralize findings

Takes time and youneed to analyze responses carefully am a been

Question 72

Methods to test messages and material

Answer 72

Self administered questionnaires, central local intercept interviews, theatre testing, focus group interviews, readability testing, gate keeper review

Question 73

Central local intercept interviews

Answer 73

Asking individuals from the target audience to participate in a pretest. Going to a high traffic area. Should not be used if they have to go in depth or talk about sensitive subjects.

Question 74

Theatre testing

Answer 74

Gathering large group of respondents to react usually to audio or audio visual material

Question 75

Focus group interviews

Answer 75

Obtain insight into target audience perceptions believe in language help trigger creative thinking

Question 76

Readability testing

Answer 76

Can be done on the computer quick no cost tangible measure simply predicts approximate education level

Question 77

Gatekeeper review

Answer 77

Gate keepers are the people who control the distribution channel their approval or disapproval of material may be a critical factor in a program success if they don’t like the resources may never reach the audience. They might provide good advice.

Question 78

What are the basic steps and implementing a program

Answer 78

Figure out what major activities will be needed and in what order they should occur

Make a schedule

Calculate what resources will be needed for example budget and staff

Assign responsibility to someone for each activity

Playing with specific tasks will be done who needs to be involved when the task will occur and what specific resources will be needed

Question 79

Risk

Answer 79

A measure of the extent to which a given outcome might deviate from what is expected or desired

Question 80

Sources of risk

Answer 80

Environmental risk: changes in government regulation, introduction of new competitor products, technological breakthroughs, budget cuts, new staff. They are uncontrollable that we strive to identify them so that we can prepare to deal with them

Internal risk: unreliability of worker performance, office politics, and checked expenditure. There is often some control over this risk

Technical risk: risk factor associated with the development or operations of the deliverable for example bugs and glitches

Market risk: risk that the program we develop will fail in the marketplace

Financial risk: has to do with cash flow and profitability

Human risk: the rise from the fact that human players in programs are complex marginally predictable human beings. Constantly playing with problems of human resource reliability competence and availability they are further affected by the consequences of political struggles, the turnover of key players, and the fickleness of our target group

Question 81

The four parts of risk management

Answer 81

Risk identification, risk assessment, risk response planning, and documentation

Question 82

Risk identification

Answer 82

Uncovering potential risks events in order to avoid unpleasant surprises

Question 83

Risk assessment

Answer 83

Attempts to identify the nature of risk events and to anticipate their impact on the project.

Question 84

Wrist response planning

Answer 84

Developing strategies to cope with risk events

Question 85

Documentation

Answer 85

Keeping baseline data on what it takes to do a job. By collecting and considering historical data and environment is created where is perception of the future are based on informed judgement

Question 86

The three parts of program plan review

Answer 86

Phase 1 determining the intermediate and final products of the probe

Preparing a detailed list of activities included in the program

Listing the interrelationships among activities for example pert

Question 87

Determining resource requirements. The key to successful estimation of reserve requirements is a complete understanding of the program activities and how they are interrelated three things

Answer 87

Review of program activities: estimate minimum staff requirement and the need for supplies equipment and other resources make a projected budget

Budget: include all expenses can make a tentative budget. To make the budget you can consider the projected expenses of the program such as honorary a promotion manpower animals for the costs

Question 88

Limited funding

Answer 88

Often times when budgets are made the costs are higher than the in the planters have to spend the strategies that might be employed to reduce cost include

Less expensive material or iliminate material all together

Illuminate number of staff

Reduce number of participants

Less expensive learning formats

Less expensive facility

Location where they don’t have to stay at a hotel

Question 89

Marketing programs marketing might be essential for educational programs for participation is voluntary. Marketing is done for two reasons

Answer 89

To ensure adequate participation for a program and to communicate with the program is all about

Question 90

What are some questions you should ask when determining your target population profile

Answer 90

How many people are involved at what time will they be available where are located what are the ages, what are their education level, what is their gender of the city, what is her primary language, did they have any disabilities what are their skills, what are their learning style preferences, why do they want to be involved in the program, what are the costs for example fees loss of job time travel time child care

Question 91

What are the four key aspects of marketing all ps

Answer 91

Product, price, place and promotion

Question 92

Management information system. Three basic indicators can be used to assist program status:

Answer 92

Time: easiest indicator to deal with the time milestones can do used to maintain control over program implementation and milestones or reached early or not reached at the appointed time program managers can learn of potential trouble spots in program in plantation

Cost: stop time supplies and equipment maybe used to indicate whether program is being implemented as planned. Went to program functions on a strict budget monitoring cost maybe in a necessary control indicator

Performance: perhaps the most difficult control. Affected performance of personnel and equipment may be essential to program soundness, But designing performance indicators maybe exceptionally difficult

Question 93

What time cost and performance indicator’s have been assessed the next step is to collect data. Examples include

Answer 93

Count of expendable resources such as pamphlets, records of Billy, attendance, record of time to complete the tasks

Question 94

What enhances motivation

Answer 94

Discovery in the pro motive and specific learning needs of your target population

Sistine members of the target population to specific objectives which can be translated into specific behaviours

Providing feedback

I’ll be members applied learning in daily living

Having a comfortable environment and climate Setting

Engage members in mutual planning: feel committed to any decision in proportion to the extent to which they have participated in making it

Question 95

Assumptions about motivation

Answer 95

People are always motivated – even if they are motivated to do nothing

People are responsible for their own motivation

If anything can be learned it can be learned in motivating matter

There is no best way to instruct

Every instructional plan needs a motivatinal plan

Question 96

How to prepare your talk for an oral presentation

Answer 96

Analyze your audience: what do they want to know what is your demographic what are their treats

Getting prepared: have enough time use personal experience gather research other practical information

Organize an outline your presentation

Consider your delivery: the type of delivery, other considerations such as self-confidence language since year appearance and Thursday as him pace answer questions

Question 97

Importance of the evaluation

Answer 97

Determining the level of attainment of program objectives

Determining strengths weaknesses of program elements making decisions about program planning

Monitoring standards of performance and establishing quality assurance and control mechanisms

Determining the generalizability of an overall program or program elements to other populations

Contributing to the base of scientific knowledge

Identifying hypothesis is for further study

Meeting the demand of public or physical accountability

Improving the professional staff skill in the performance of program planning, implementation, and evaluation activities

Promoting positive public relations and community awareness

For filling granter contract arrangement

Question 98

Examples of a valuation questions

Answer 98

To what extent did the program achieve its goals and objectives

What are the characteristics of the individuals and groups who participated

For which individuals or groups was the program most effective

How enduring were the effects

Which features of the program or most effective

What are the relationships among the cost of the program and it’s effect

To what extent did changes in social political and financial circumstances influence the program support and outcomes

Our participants satisfied with the program

Question 99

Types of evaluation

Answer 99

Process a valuation, measures the activities services material staffing arrangement that compose a program and how those entities operate, looks set delivery including factors like looking at session content attendance and what people thought of the program, usually give specific information on how to program might be improved or made more efficient or effective,

impact of valuation
C immediate effects of the program does it meet at objective, the more program has clear in measurable objectives the more suitable it is for a summative a valuation, usually attempting to measure knowledge what people know what people recognize or what they are aware of what they understanding what people have learned, Attitudes behaviours are other issues usually done to provide information for summary statements and judgements about the program and its value, decision makers use information from somebody for valuations to help them decide whether to continue or to discontinue a program or whether to expand or reduce it

outcome of valuation

Measures the long term affects of the program, attempts to examine the extent to which a program highest priority priority are or are not being achieved

Question 100

Steps in planning an a valuation

Answer 100

One is the project a good choice for evaluation? Several questions need to be asked to determine with your project is a good choice for a valuation. Did you invest considerable time and effort in the project? It’s a project a reoccurring one? Is the project well-defined? Is it a relatively short term project when that can be evaluated within a reasonable period of time? Our participants readily accessible to enable easy collection of information? Your participants readily accessible to enable easy collection of information?

Step two: why is evaluation being undertaken?
To improve the project, and to prove their worth and effectiveness of the project for example justify continuance of the project or increase resources

Step three: describe the project to be evaluated.
No the following details: target population, context in which the project will operate, specific strategies and activities, who will do what, project content, resources to use, timeframe for the project, project objectives

Step four: what information is required for the a valuation?
Gather information on the description of the project both as planned and as delivered. Information on non-project factors which may influence the outcome of the project. Actual effects of the project, both plan to fix an unplanned effects, both negative and positive

Step five How will valuation information be collected?

It may be collected by records documents observation interviews questionnaires

step six what method will be used to tabulate and analyze the information collected?
Findings might be analyzed by counts percentages frequency distribution means modes medians rankings or other more sophisticated statistical techniques

Step seven: what resources are required for the evaluation
Your time, other personnel, material such as measuring instruments record forms, budget

Step eight what types of decisions are possible based on interputation of a valuation findings

To make changes to the program, to expand the program, to Curtail the program, to continue the program, to discontinue the program

Step nine, will a valuation records be reported to whom and how?

Question 101

Levels of a

Answer 101

Casual observation, self checking a valuation, do it yourself evaluation, field studies, scientific research

Question 102

Information collection methods

Answer 102

Records and documents, systematic observations for example checklists, readings by peers stuff experts for examples opinions, individual interviews example face-to-face or telephone, group interviews example focus group questionnaires face-to-face mail or computer, tests of information interpersonal skills Application of knowledge for example written or oral performance, situational test presenting response was stimulated life situations for example case studies, diaries and records for example food records grocery list, clinical evidence for example anthropometric and other physical measurements, biochemical evidence

Question 103

Guidelines for selecting a valuation methods

Answer 103

Are the methods appropriate for the objectives of the project the type of subject matter been conveyed the group about him changes we measured and intended use of a valuation results

Does each method selected measure the information it is said to measure

Are directions for administering a method any clear and reliable

Has the effect of the method on the targets groups motivation and achievement been considered

Is the scoring for each instrument reliable

Have the methods or insurance been pre-tested to ensure they meet their criteria

Are there a variety of methods been selected to offset we can see is of each one

Was the target group involved in selecting the method to be used

Question 104

The criteria for assessing in a valuation plan

Answer 104

Purpose of the evaluation: is the purpose clearly stated is the outcome of the evaluation clear? Does it state who is going to look at the results

Description of project: objective stated in terms of who is to do what is a result of the project is there adequate information on the content method of approach and persons taking part

What is to be measured: are the components to be evaluated clearly indicated? Are the components appropriate to be evaluated? Is the level of a valuation appropriate? Is it propose level of a valuation realistic in terms of resources available? Are the outcomes to be measured stated in terms of observable measurable behavior? Are the standards of level of achievement realistic

Collection of information: is the number of participants adequate? Are the types of instruments chosen best for purpose of a valuation? Does the instrument make the best use of resources? Is the instrument easy to use? Is the provision of maintaining objectivity adequate? Is it efficient?

Evaluation resources: does the participants up you’re capable of providing feedback? Are the limits of a valuation resources realistically identified?

Other: zero plan the simplest one? Does it appear practical? Is it appropriate?