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Aerodynamics > #1 > Flashcards

#1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Speed

A

The rate at which an object moves.

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2
Q

Define Velocity

A

The speed of an object in a specified direction.

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3
Q

Is Speed a Scalar qualitiy?

A

Yes.

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4
Q

Describe Vectors

A

Can be dragrammatically summed to find a result

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5
Q

Define Force

A

Has a magnitude and direction

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6
Q

Define Newton’s First Law

A

An object in space that is travelling at a constant speed will remain constant unless an external force is applied.

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7
Q

Define Newton’s Second Law

A

If a force is applied to an object, the object will accelerate at a rate that is proportional to its mess and the force applied (F = ma).

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8
Q

Define Newton’s Third Law

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

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9
Q

Define Energy

A

An objects capacity to do work

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10
Q

List the two types of energy

A

Kinetic and Potential

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11
Q

Define Kinetic Energy

A

The energy a body possess by virtue of it’s motion

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12
Q

Define Potential Energy

A

The energy a body possess by virtue of its position in a force field

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13
Q

Define Gas

A

A group of molecules which are not bonded to each other

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14
Q

Define Gas Density

A

The quantity of particles in a unit of volume

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15
Q

What is the density of gas a function of?

A

Temperature and Pressure

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16
Q

List the four forces acting on an aircraft.

A

Lift, Weight, Thrust and Drag

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17
Q

Define Lift

A

The component of the total reaction which is perpendicular to the flight path of relative air flow.

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18
Q

Define Weight

A

The gravitational attraction to the Earth

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19
Q

Define Thrust

A

The propulsive force from a jet or propeller

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20
Q

Define Drag

A

The component of the total reaction that is parallel to the flight path

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21
Q

Define the Chord Line

A

A straight line joining the centres of curvature of the leading and trailling edges

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22
Q

Define Camber

A

The maximum distance between the mean camber line and the chord line, expressed as a percentage

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23
Q

Define Relative Air Flow

A

Oncoming wind

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24
Q

Define the Angle of Attack (AoA)

A

The angle difference between the chord line and relative air flow

25
Q

Lift Formula

A

L = Co-efficient of Lift × 1/2 × Air Pressure (Rho [P]) × Velocity^2 × Surface of the wing

26
Q

What is Lift Dependent Drag?

A

Induced drag through lift

27
Q

Define Static stability

A

The initial reaction of an object after a force has been applied

28
Q

Define Dynamic stability

A

The subsequent reaction of an object after a force has been applied

29
Q

Define Stall

A

When the aircrafts Angle of Attack is greater than its critical angle (16 degrees)

30
Q

Describe the effect of stall on an aircraft

A

A reduction in lift is accompanied by the breakdown of airflow over the wings

31
Q

What generates thrust (relative to a KA350)?

A

The engine generates power, the propeller generates thrust

32
Q

How is thrust applied (relative to the KA350)?

A

The propeller takes a large mass and generates small acceleration

33
Q

How is Drag created?

A

Created by the lifting part of the wing and by the shape of various parts of the aircraft not producing/creating lift

34
Q

Describe symptoms of the stall

A

High Nose Attitude, Reducing airspeed, Less responsive controls, Buffeting, Unaccompanied pitch down and Stall warning

35
Q

How is Thrust applied?

A

The propellers take a large mass and generate small acceleration

36
Q

How is Drag created?

A

Created by the lifting action of the wings and the various parts of the aircraft not producing lift

37
Q

How is the Chord line defined?

A

By the straight line joining the centres of curvature of the leading and trailling edges

38
Q

Aerodynamic lift force always acts perpendicular to what?

A

Relative Airflow

39
Q

Define Static stability

A

The initial reaction of an object after a force has been applied

40
Q

Define Dynamic stability

A

The subsequent reaction of an object after a force has been applied

41
Q

Stalling speed is increased by an increase of what?

A

Load factor

42
Q

An effect of exceeding the stalling angle is that?

A

Lift decreases and drag increases

43
Q

Define TORA (Take-Off Run Available)

A

The length of the runway available for the ground run of an aircraft taking-off

44
Q

Define TODA (Take-Off Distance Available)

A

The total length of runway distance available for an aircraft to achieve screen height

45
Q

Define TODR (Take-Off Distance Required)

A

The total distance required for an aircraft to accelerate from a standing start and climb to a screen height

46
Q

Define ASDA (Accelerate/Stop Distance Available)

A

TORA + any stopway. The distance available for an aircraft to achieve V1, have an engine failure, and be able to come to a halt.

47
Q

List the factors that increase take-off distance

A

Aircraft weight, Airfield attitude, Air Temperature, Runway surface conditions, Runway slope, Wind.

48
Q

When is the best Rate of Climb required?

A

When best time to height is required

49
Q

When is the best Angle of Climb used?

A

Used to clear an obstacle

50
Q

Define Range

A

Is the total distance an aircraft can travel for a given weight of fuel

51
Q

Define Endurance

A

Is the total time an aircraft can stay in the air for a given weight of fuel

52
Q

State the effect that needs to occur when ice formation is present over the aerofoil

A

Increase thrust due to an increase in the stall speed

53
Q

Define VMCA

A

The minimum speed with gear up, take off flap set, failure of the critical engine (feathered), and full power on the remaining live engine at which the aircraft can be maintained

54
Q

What is the Velocity At Threshold (VAT)?

A

Based on 1.3 times the stall speed

55
Q

What are the stall speed increase ratios in a bank of 30/45/60 degrees?

A

30 degrees = 1.07 (7%). 45 degrees = 1.19 (19%). 60 degrees = 1.41 (41%)

56
Q

List the effects of an Engine Failure

A

Decreased performance. Decreased operating ceiling. Decreased airspeed. Alters SAR and SGR. Safety implications of remaining above safety height.

57
Q

What is the climb gradient?

A

The distance traveled vertically divided by the distance covered across the ground

58
Q

Describe asymmetric flight?

A

50% power loss = 80% performance loss. Steady flight achieved through: failed engine shut and feathered, gear and flap retracted, 5 degree bank, limitation of bank angle

Aerodynamics (1 decks)

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