1 Flashcards

1
Q

node biopsy: mirror image nuclei

A

Mirror image nuclei = Reed-Sternberg cells = Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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2
Q

type of lymphoma that has ‘alcohol pain’

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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3
Q

facial palsy in which forehead is affected

A

bels palsy

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4
Q

bels palsy treatment

A

prednisolone 1mg/kg for 10 days should be prescribed for patients within 72 hours of onset

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5
Q

nasal polyps are associated with sensitisation to which drug

A

aspirin

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6
Q

Main features associated with Cholesteatoma

A

fouls smelling discharge and hearing loss

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7
Q

vertigo + hearing loss and tinnitus

A

menieres

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8
Q

vertigo on position change

A

BPPV

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9
Q

diagnostic test for BPPV

A

Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre

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10
Q

treatment for BPPV

A

Epley manoeuvre

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11
Q

drug, dose and route given in anaphylaxis

A

500micrograms of adrenaline given IM

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12
Q

first line treatment for otitis externa

A

topical antibiotic or a combined topical antibiotic with steroid

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13
Q

facial palsy + ear pain + tympanic vesicles

A

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

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14
Q

audiogram: what is normal hearing in regards to normal dB

A

anything above 20dB

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15
Q

In sensorineural hearing loss what will audiology look like?

A

both air and bone conduction are impaired (both below 20dB)

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16
Q

In conductive hearing loss what will audiology look like?

A

only air conduction is impaired

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17
Q

In mixed hearing loss what will audiology look like?

A

both air and bone conduction are impaired, with air conduction often being ‘worse’ than bone

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18
Q

Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and associated vertigo

A

Acoustic neuroma

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19
Q

Acoustic neuromas is also called a

A

Vestibular Schwannoma

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20
Q

Bilateral acoustic neuromas are seen in which condition

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

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21
Q

Investigation of choice is acoustic neuroma/vestibular Schwannoma are suspected

A

MRI of the cerebellopontine angle

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22
Q

Normal results that should be seen in rinses test

A

air conduction should be louder than bone conduction

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23
Q

During Webbers test: in unilateral sensorineural deafness, sound is localised to the _______ side

A

unaffected side

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24
Q

During Webbers test: in unilateral conductive deafness, sound is localised to the _______ side

A

affected side

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25
Q

Do you get systemically unwell with otitis media?

A

yes

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26
Q

otitis media isn’t usually treated with antibiotics, but if it is, what abx is given

A

a 5-day course of amoxicillin is first line. In patients with penicillin allergy, erythromycin or clarithromycin should be given.

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27
Q

The Centor criteria are: (4)

A

presence of tonsillar exudate
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
history of fever
absence of cough

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28
Q

what censor score is required to suggest ABX is required

A

3/4

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29
Q

ABX given in tonsillitis

A

either phenoxymethylpenicillin or erythromycin (if the patient is penicillin allergic) should be given. Either a 7 or 10 day course should be given

30
Q

most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis

A

Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus

31
Q

what is ramsay hunt syndrome

A

reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion of the seventh cranial nerve.

32
Q

treatment for ramsay hunt syndrome

A

acyclovir +/- corticosteroids

33
Q

cholestiatoma treatment

A

referral for surgery

34
Q

bells palsy, forehead affected?

A

yes, coz lower motor neurone palsy

35
Q

what finding on examination will suggest acoustic neuroma

A

loss of corneal reflex in eye

36
Q

Acoustic neuroma affecting CNVIII will show what features?

A

hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus

37
Q

Acoustic neuroma affecting CNV will show what features?

A

absent corneal reflex

38
Q

Acoustic neuroma affecting CNVII will show what features?

A

facial palsy

39
Q

Otosclerosis is

A

replacement of normal bone by vascular spongy bone.

It causes a progressive conductive deafness due to fixation of the stapes at the oval window

40
Q

management of otosclerosis

A

hearing aid, stapedectomy

41
Q

Rinne’s test: Left ear: air conduction > bone conduction
Right ear: air conduction > bone conduction
Weber’s test: Lateralises to the left side

A

Right sensorineural deafness

42
Q

Rinne’s test: Left ear: bone conduction > air conduction
Right ear: air conduction > bone conduction
Weber’s test: Lateralises to the left side

A

Left conductive deafness

43
Q

Which drugs can cause tinnitus (4)

A

Aspirin
Aminoglycosides
Loop diuretics
Quinine

44
Q

5 types of thyroid cancers

A
Papillary (65%)
Follicular (20%)
Medullary (5%)
Anaplastic  (rare)
Lymphoma (5%)
45
Q

Most common type of thyroid cancer

A

Papillary

46
Q

Tumour marker that can suggest papillary or follicular cancers

A

Thyroglobulin

47
Q

MEN 1 -

A

Pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic tumours

48
Q

MEN 2A -

A

Parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma

49
Q

MEN 2B -

A

Mucosal neuroma, marfanoid appearance, medullary thyroid carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma

50
Q

type of thyroid cancer that is associated with MEN 2

A

Medullary

51
Q

type of thyroid cancer where you get raised calcitonin

A

medullary

52
Q

Thyroid cancer: Orphan Annie eyes on light microscopy

A

Papillary

53
Q

thyroid cancer: young woman

A

papillary

54
Q

Thyroid cancer >50yrs

A

Follicular

55
Q

Thyroid cancer, follicular metastisises to

A

lung and bone

56
Q

Bells palsy treatment

A

prednisolone

57
Q

what pattern will you see in sensorineural hearing loss

A

both air and bone conduction will be reduced

58
Q

EBV: associated malignancies: (3)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma

59
Q

first line treatment for neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

60
Q

drug useful for helping to prevent attacks of Meniere’s disease?

A

betahistine (antivertigo drug)

61
Q

A cholesteatoma is?

A

A cholesteatoma consists of squamous epithelium that is ‘trapped’ within the skull base causing local destruction. It is most common in patients aged 10-20 years

62
Q

what do you see on ottoscopy in cholesteatoma

A

‘attic crust’ - seen in the uppermost part of the ear drum

63
Q

An oval, mobile cystic mass that develops between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the pharynx

A

Branchial cyst, <20yrs

64
Q

neck lump: Usually midline, between the isthmus of the thyroid and the hyoid bone
Moves upwards with protrusion of the tongue

A

Thyroglossal cyst

65
Q

Neck lump that usually presents in < 2 years, usually on left side

A

Cystic hygroma

66
Q

What is sialadenitis

A

inflammation of the salivary gland likely secondary to obstruction by a stone impacted in the duct

67
Q

neck swelling below the angle of the jaw, also complains of a foul taste in her mouth.

A

sialadenitis - salivary gland obstruction leading to inflammation

68
Q

the commonest tumours of the parotid gland

A

Pleomorphic adenomas

69
Q

time you allow for perforated ear drum to heal before referring to ENT

A

6 weeks

70
Q

Rinne’s test: Air conduction > bone conduction in both ears

Weber’s test: Localises to the right side

A

Left sensorineural deafness

71
Q

persistent dizziness + significant vascular history, what diagnosis must you consider

A

posterior stroke

72
Q

first line ABX for otitis media

A

amoxicillin