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1
Q

node biopsy: mirror image nuclei

A

Mirror image nuclei = Reed-Sternberg cells = Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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2
Q

type of lymphoma that has ‘alcohol pain’

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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3
Q

facial palsy in which forehead is affected

A

bels palsy

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4
Q

bels palsy treatment

A

prednisolone 1mg/kg for 10 days should be prescribed for patients within 72 hours of onset

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5
Q

nasal polyps are associated with sensitisation to which drug

A

aspirin

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6
Q

Main features associated with Cholesteatoma

A

fouls smelling discharge and hearing loss

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7
Q

vertigo + hearing loss and tinnitus

A

menieres

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8
Q

vertigo on position change

A

BPPV

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9
Q

diagnostic test for BPPV

A

Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre

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10
Q

treatment for BPPV

A

Epley manoeuvre

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11
Q

drug, dose and route given in anaphylaxis

A

500micrograms of adrenaline given IM

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12
Q

first line treatment for otitis externa

A

topical antibiotic or a combined topical antibiotic with steroid

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13
Q

facial palsy + ear pain + tympanic vesicles

A

Ramsay Hunt syndrome

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14
Q

audiogram: what is normal hearing in regards to normal dB

A

anything above 20dB

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15
Q

In sensorineural hearing loss what will audiology look like?

A

both air and bone conduction are impaired (both below 20dB)

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16
Q

In conductive hearing loss what will audiology look like?

A

only air conduction is impaired

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17
Q

In mixed hearing loss what will audiology look like?

A

both air and bone conduction are impaired, with air conduction often being ‘worse’ than bone

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18
Q

Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and associated vertigo

A

Acoustic neuroma

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19
Q

Acoustic neuromas is also called a

A

Vestibular Schwannoma

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20
Q

Bilateral acoustic neuromas are seen in which condition

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

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21
Q

Investigation of choice is acoustic neuroma/vestibular Schwannoma are suspected

A

MRI of the cerebellopontine angle

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22
Q

Normal results that should be seen in rinses test

A

air conduction should be louder than bone conduction

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23
Q

During Webbers test: in unilateral sensorineural deafness, sound is localised to the _______ side

A

unaffected side

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24
Q

During Webbers test: in unilateral conductive deafness, sound is localised to the _______ side

A

affected side

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25
Do you get systemically unwell with otitis media?
yes
26
otitis media isn't usually treated with antibiotics, but if it is, what abx is given
a 5-day course of amoxicillin is first line. In patients with penicillin allergy, erythromycin or clarithromycin should be given.
27
The Centor criteria are: (4)
presence of tonsillar exudate tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy history of fever absence of cough
28
what censor score is required to suggest ABX is required
3/4
29
ABX given in tonsillitis
either phenoxymethylpenicillin or erythromycin (if the patient is penicillin allergic) should be given. Either a 7 or 10 day course should be given
30
most common bacterial cause of tonsillitis
Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus
31
what is ramsay hunt syndrome
reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion of the seventh cranial nerve.
32
treatment for ramsay hunt syndrome
acyclovir +/- corticosteroids
33
cholestiatoma treatment
referral for surgery
34
bells palsy, forehead affected?
yes, coz lower motor neurone palsy
35
what finding on examination will suggest acoustic neuroma
loss of corneal reflex in eye
36
Acoustic neuroma affecting CNVIII will show what features?
hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus
37
Acoustic neuroma affecting CNV will show what features?
absent corneal reflex
38
Acoustic neuroma affecting CNVII will show what features?
facial palsy
39
Otosclerosis is
replacement of normal bone by vascular spongy bone. | It causes a progressive conductive deafness due to fixation of the stapes at the oval window
40
management of otosclerosis
hearing aid, stapedectomy
41
Rinne's test: Left ear: air conduction > bone conduction Right ear: air conduction > bone conduction Weber's test: Lateralises to the left side
Right sensorineural deafness
42
Rinne's test: Left ear: bone conduction > air conduction Right ear: air conduction > bone conduction Weber's test: Lateralises to the left side
Left conductive deafness
43
Which drugs can cause tinnitus (4)
Aspirin Aminoglycosides Loop diuretics Quinine
44
5 types of thyroid cancers
``` Papillary (65%) Follicular (20%) Medullary (5%) Anaplastic (rare) Lymphoma (5%) ```
45
Most common type of thyroid cancer
Papillary
46
Tumour marker that can suggest papillary or follicular cancers
Thyroglobulin
47
MEN 1 -
Pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic tumours
48
MEN 2A -
Parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma
49
MEN 2B -
Mucosal neuroma, marfanoid appearance, medullary thyroid carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma
50
type of thyroid cancer that is associated with MEN 2
Medullary
51
type of thyroid cancer where you get raised calcitonin
medullary
52
Thyroid cancer: Orphan Annie eyes on light microscopy
Papillary
53
thyroid cancer: young woman
papillary
54
Thyroid cancer >50yrs
Follicular
55
Thyroid cancer, follicular metastisises to
lung and bone
56
Bells palsy treatment
prednisolone
57
what pattern will you see in sensorineural hearing loss
both air and bone conduction will be reduced
58
EBV: associated malignancies: (3)
Burkitt's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphoma nasopharyngeal carcinoma
59
first line treatment for neuralgia
carbamazepine
60
drug useful for helping to prevent attacks of Meniere's disease?
betahistine (antivertigo drug)
61
A cholesteatoma is?
A cholesteatoma consists of squamous epithelium that is 'trapped' within the skull base causing local destruction. It is most common in patients aged 10-20 years
62
what do you see on ottoscopy in cholesteatoma
'attic crust' - seen in the uppermost part of the ear drum
63
An oval, mobile cystic mass that develops between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the pharynx
Branchial cyst, <20yrs
64
neck lump: Usually midline, between the isthmus of the thyroid and the hyoid bone Moves upwards with protrusion of the tongue
Thyroglossal cyst
65
Neck lump that usually presents in < 2 years, usually on left side
Cystic hygroma
66
What is sialadenitis
inflammation of the salivary gland likely secondary to obstruction by a stone impacted in the duct
67
neck swelling below the angle of the jaw, also complains of a foul taste in her mouth.
sialadenitis - salivary gland obstruction leading to inflammation
68
the commonest tumours of the parotid gland
Pleomorphic adenomas
69
time you allow for perforated ear drum to heal before referring to ENT
6 weeks
70
Rinne's test: Air conduction > bone conduction in both ears | Weber's test: Localises to the right side
Left sensorineural deafness
71
persistent dizziness + significant vascular history, what diagnosis must you consider
posterior stroke
72
first line ABX for otitis media
amoxicillin

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