.1 Flashcards
Why did Hitler and the nazi party gain popularity after WW1
Problems of TOV
Weimar government
Impact of Wall Street crash
Impact of propaganda
Impact of terror
How does the Weimar government work
- President elected every 7 years
- proportional representation (60,000 votes = one seat)
- chancellor was
Why did the Weimar government fail
- chancellor can fire who he likes
- president can use article 50 to pass any law he likes (emergency decree)
- proportional representation= unlikely a majority vote would happen =coalition gov
- leading to little agreement
List 3 terms of the TOV
Germany had to take full blame for war = damaged pride
Had to pay reparations = 6.6 billion
Lost polish corridor, Rhineland demilitarised (4 million of Germany’s population was lost
What were stresemans solutions to Germany’s problems
Make a new currency to end hyperinflation
Borrow money from USA (Dawes plan and young plan ) > new houses, schools, hospitals , factories = 1920s golden era
Locarno pact 1925, join LON 1926, Kellog BRiand pact.
How much of Germany’s population was lost in the TOV
4 million
What problems faced the Weimar government
What’s the word
ILRIM
Ineffective constitution Left wing rebellion Right wing terror Inflation Munich putsch ( Hitler's fails to take control of Bavaria = he goes to prison = mein kampf
Give 4 reasons why the nazis lost support in late 1920s
1) Munich putsch
2) they become national joke
3) lose support
4) 1924- 5% of Germans vote nazi 1928-2% of Germans vote nazi
How was Germany affected by the Wall Street crash
Economic (2)
Economic- banks had losses, Germans feared for their savings leading to people retrieving them= banks ran out of cash
- the crash caused a worldwide depression - Germany couldn’t sell good abroad
How was Germany affected by the Wall Street crash
Political (3)
- Weimar government collapsed in 1930, leaving bruning to govern by decree
- bruning resigned in 1932 coz he lost control in the reichstag
- because of the struggle people lost hope in gov - began to listen to radical extremists = led to Hitler’s who promised bread and work
How Germany was affected by the Wall Street crash
Social (3)
- the unemployed roamed the streets
- unemployment rose throughout the year so domestic goods fell as people couldn’t afford things causing a vicious circle
- the middle classes didn’t want to rise taxes to pay for unemployment
What was the change in unemployment
1928
1933
1928-600,000
1933-6,000,000
Who did Hitler’s plan benefit
Old people, children, families, unemployed, businesses, farmers …
Explain how hitler rose to be chancellor
May 1932- Hindenburg appoints Von Papen- he however needed more support so called for a general election. Here the nazis gained support. This didn’t work for Von papen so he called for another election in Nov 1932 this gave him even fewer seats so he resigned. Von schleicher replaced him- he also failed. Hindenburg appointed Hitler’s as a last resort in Jan 1933 under the condition that Von papen was vice chancellor. Also the number of nazis in the cabinet was limited to 2
Explain the increase in the seats the nazi party had in the reichstag from may 1928- march 1933
May 1928- 12 Sept 1930- 107 July 1932- 230 Nov 1932-196 March 1933 - 288
Who did Hitler’s blame the reichstag fire on
Communists
What did the law for the protection of people and state ban
Communist party
Describe the enabling act
Hitler’s needed 66% of the vote to pass the enabling act that would rid the Weimar government and give him sole power to pass laws for 4 years. It was passed in march 1933,
After the enabling act, Hitler’s used his powers to do what? What did this mean?
A law against the formation of new parties
Ban all other political parties and leave only the nazis in the reichstag
What were the SA
Who was their leader
When was it formed
How many members
- storm troopers ( brown shirts)
- Ernst Roehm
- 1921 to protect nazi party
- 2.5 million members (10X size of German army)
What are the SS
Who was their leader
When were they formed
How many members
- protection squad. Hitler’s elite bodyguard
- Heinrich himmler
- 1925
- 52,000 members 1933
What was the night of the long knives
Hitler’s was embarrassed by the homosexuality of Roehm their leader
He feared the SA were being disloyal
June 1934 Roehm was executed along with some SA leaders alone with Von Schleicher who was just on Hitler’s kill list
At least 77 were killed though it was suspected the number was around 400
When did Hindenburg die
Aug 1934
On the day Hindenburg died - what did Hitler’s do
What was the response
He held a public vote to decide that the roles of president and chancellor would combine
89.9% agreed
