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History: Hitlers Germany > .1 > Flashcards

.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Hitler and the nazi party gain popularity after WW1

A

Problems of TOV

Weimar government

Impact of Wall Street crash

Impact of propaganda

Impact of terror

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2
Q

How does the Weimar government work

A
  • President elected every 7 years
  • proportional representation (60,000 votes = one seat)
  • chancellor was
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3
Q

Why did the Weimar government fail

A
  • chancellor can fire who he likes
  • president can use article 50 to pass any law he likes (emergency decree)
  • proportional representation= unlikely a majority vote would happen =coalition gov
  • leading to little agreement
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4
Q

List 3 terms of the TOV

A

Germany had to take full blame for war = damaged pride

Had to pay reparations = 6.6 billion

Lost polish corridor, Rhineland demilitarised (4 million of Germany’s population was lost

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5
Q

What were stresemans solutions to Germany’s problems

A

Make a new currency to end hyperinflation

Borrow money from USA (Dawes plan and young plan ) > new houses, schools, hospitals , factories = 1920s golden era

Locarno pact 1925, join LON 1926, Kellog BRiand pact.

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6
Q

How much of Germany’s population was lost in the TOV

A

4 million

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7
Q

What problems faced the Weimar government

What’s the word

A

ILRIM

Ineffective constitution 
Left wing rebellion
Right wing terror 
Inflation 
Munich putsch ( Hitler's fails to take control of Bavaria = he goes to prison = mein kampf
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8
Q

Give 4 reasons why the nazis lost support in late 1920s

A

1) Munich putsch
2) they become national joke
3) lose support
4) 1924- 5% of Germans vote nazi 1928-2% of Germans vote nazi

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9
Q

How was Germany affected by the Wall Street crash

Economic (2)

A

Economic- banks had losses, Germans feared for their savings leading to people retrieving them= banks ran out of cash

  • the crash caused a worldwide depression - Germany couldn’t sell good abroad
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10
Q

How was Germany affected by the Wall Street crash

Political (3)

A
  • Weimar government collapsed in 1930, leaving bruning to govern by decree
  • bruning resigned in 1932 coz he lost control in the reichstag
  • because of the struggle people lost hope in gov - began to listen to radical extremists = led to Hitler’s who promised bread and work
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11
Q

How Germany was affected by the Wall Street crash

Social (3)

A
  • the unemployed roamed the streets
  • unemployment rose throughout the year so domestic goods fell as people couldn’t afford things causing a vicious circle
  • the middle classes didn’t want to rise taxes to pay for unemployment
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12
Q

What was the change in unemployment

1928

1933

A

1928-600,000

1933-6,000,000

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13
Q

Who did Hitler’s plan benefit

A

Old people, children, families, unemployed, businesses, farmers …

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14
Q

Explain how hitler rose to be chancellor

A

May 1932- Hindenburg appoints Von Papen- he however needed more support so called for a general election. Here the nazis gained support. This didn’t work for Von papen so he called for another election in Nov 1932 this gave him even fewer seats so he resigned. Von schleicher replaced him- he also failed. Hindenburg appointed Hitler’s as a last resort in Jan 1933 under the condition that Von papen was vice chancellor. Also the number of nazis in the cabinet was limited to 2

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15
Q

Explain the increase in the seats the nazi party had in the reichstag from may 1928- march 1933

A 
May 1928- 12
Sept 1930- 107
July 1932- 230
Nov 1932-196
March 1933 - 288
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16
Q

Who did Hitler’s blame the reichstag fire on

A

Communists

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17
Q

What did the law for the protection of people and state ban

A

Communist party

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18
Q

Describe the enabling act

A

Hitler’s needed 66% of the vote to pass the enabling act that would rid the Weimar government and give him sole power to pass laws for 4 years. It was passed in march 1933,

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19
Q

After the enabling act, Hitler’s used his powers to do what? What did this mean?

A

A law against the formation of new parties

Ban all other political parties and leave only the nazis in the reichstag

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20
Q

What were the SA
Who was their leader
When was it formed
How many members

A
  • storm troopers ( brown shirts)
  • Ernst Roehm
  • 1921 to protect nazi party
  • 2.5 million members (10X size of German army)
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21
Q

What are the SS
Who was their leader
When were they formed
How many members

A
  • protection squad. Hitler’s elite bodyguard
  • Heinrich himmler
  • 1925
  • 52,000 members 1933
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22
Q

What was the night of the long knives

A

Hitler’s was embarrassed by the homosexuality of Roehm their leader

He feared the SA were being disloyal

June 1934 Roehm was executed along with some SA leaders alone with Von Schleicher who was just on Hitler’s kill list

At least 77 were killed though it was suspected the number was around 400

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23
Q

When did Hindenburg die

A

Aug 1934

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24
Q

On the day Hindenburg died - what did Hitler’s do

What was the response

A

He held a public vote to decide that the roles of president and chancellor would combine

89.9% agreed

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25
Q

Soldiers of the armed forces and civil services had to do what

What did this entail

A

Take the oath of loyalty

That you would die for him

26
Q

Goebbels and propaganda (5)

What did he control

A 
Newspapers
Rallies
Books
Radio 
Films
27
Q

Himmler and terror (5)

What did he control

A 
SS
Concentration camps 
Gestapo
The police and courts
Informers
28
Q

What powers did the SS and gestapo have

A

They could arrest anyone and put them in concentration camps without trial

29
Q

Who was the head of gestapo

A

Reinhard Heydrich

30
Q

Who was minister of propaganda

A

Josef goebells

31
Q

What year was Berlin olympics

A

1936

32
Q

What happened to the nightclubs and American music

A

It was banned through censorship

33
Q

What happened to authors, artists and scientists

A

Many chose to emigrate to escape the laws and censorship that their work would be given - most famous Albert Einstein

34
Q

In 1932, how many members of the Hitler’s youth have

A

108,000

35
Q

By 1933 there was how many members of Hitler’s youth

A

2.3 million

36
Q

By 1939 there were how many member of Hitler’s youth

A

7.3million

37
Q

What was made compulsory in 1936

A

Hitler’s youth

38
Q

What was the aim of Hitler’s youth

A

To prepare boys for military service

39
Q

Hitler’s youth were viewed as future leaders and were indoctrinated in what

A

Anti-semitism

40
Q

How were schools affected by nazism

A

Text books rewrote
Teachers attended compulsory training.
History distorted

41
Q

What was life like for women in Weimar Germany

A

Progressive attitude towards women
•women could vote at same age as men
• encouraged to explore fashion make up
•encouraged to have a career

42
Q

What was life like for women in nazi germany

A

Women should follow the three Ks (kinder,kirche,küche)

Not be involved in politics

Not work

Minimalistic clothes no makeup hair tied back

43
Q

What happened to :

abortion clinics
Contraception

A

Shut down

Banned

44
Q

Explain the marriage loan

A

When a couple got married they were given a loan by the government (around 1000marks) and every time they had a child they didn’t have to pay back 25%, so when they had 4 kids they could keep the money

45
Q

How many kids did you have to have to be classed as a family

A

4+

46
Q

Describe the honour cross

A

Special awards :
🥉 = 4 kids
🥈 = 6 kids
🥇 = 8 kids

47
Q

What happened if a couple failed to have kids

A

Encouraged to divorce and remarry

48
Q

Explain “lebensborn”

A

Scented where aryan single women were encouraged to visit to meet with SS soldiers to expand the master race and have aryan children

49
Q

What did they do to prevent a weakening of the master race

A

In 1933 compulsory sterilisation began for all people suffering blindness, epilepsy, deafness, depression, alcoholism and any physical disability

50
Q

By 1937 how many sterilisation had taken place

A

200,000

51
Q

Why did women return to employment

A

Factories and other jobs needed to be filled because of the men fighting in the war

52
Q

What did the Catholic Church and Hitler’s sign

A

The concordat - to leave Each other alone

53
Q

Where were German girls taught about how to be a good housewife/ mother

A

Bund deutscher madel(BDM)

54
Q

What was the Hitler’s over Germany campaign

A

Hitler’s presidential campaign he gained extreme exposure from this and came second with 13 million votes

55
Q

In 1934 there were how many million SA

A

2 million

56
Q

USA Wall Street crash was a reason why Hitler’s became chancellor - explain

A

The Wall Street crash leads to a worldwide economic depression the USA calls in Dawes and young plan money lent to Germany to pay reparations

ends up 6 million unemployed by 1932

Munich putsch sent Hitler’s to jail

57
Q

After Hitler’s banns all other political parties - how many seats does he get in reichstag November 1933

A

661

58
Q

Explain the weaknesses of Weimar government

A

Proportional representation led to coalition government there was no clear leader and no agreements were made the parties were sharing the power this led to the president using article 48 after Wall Street crash e.g. raising taxes in depression. also the unpopular chancellors bruning who raise taxes and cut unemployment benefit. Bruning > Von papen > Von schleicher > Hitler’s

59
Q

How long did Von schleicher stay as chancellor

A

57 days

60
Q

Explain how Hitler’s managed to eliminate other politicial parties

A

Reichstag fire > communists blamed

LAw for the protection of people and state gave Hitler the power to arrest anyone and take control of press

Hitler’s gets coalition with social democrats and nationalists and centre party - he passes enabling act - 444 said yes - 94 said no

Hitler passes the law against the formation of new parties this went on to give the Nazis 661 seats in the right stag

61
Q

Give 4 reasons why Hitler’s got dictator

A

Elimination of political parties

Terror - SS

Propaganda

Control of society

62
Q

Why did Hitler’s get chancellor - 4 reasons

A

Propaganda

Terror -SA

Wall Street crash

Weaknesses of Weimar government

History: Hitlers Germany (3 decks)

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