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Marine Science Final Maya > 1 > Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the parts of a proper scientific experiment

A

Research, hypothesis, collecting data, analyze data, draw conclusions

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2
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

Something that you’re gonna test

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3
Q

How can a hypothesis be tested?

A

With an experiment

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4
Q

What is a control?

A

Keeping everything the same/comparison experiment

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5
Q

How do you construct a controlled experiment?

A

Have to have one experiment that stays the same

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6
Q

What is a variable?

A

Change variable/ liable to change

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7
Q

Describe the difference between a dependent and independent variable.

A

Dependant changes because of independent, changes with other one.

Independent=change

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8
Q

What should be done after an experiment is completed just once?

A

Repeat it

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9
Q

What do you do with the data that is collected during an experiment?

A

Record it, analyze it, report it

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10
Q

What must scientific data be?

A

Non-bias and true

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11
Q

Why are mathematical models used in data collection? (Ex: quatrat Study of marine plants)

A

Less time-consuming

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12
Q

What must a conclusion support?

A

data from experiment

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13
Q

Why are questions important in scientific research?

A

Question the research, make sure it’s valid

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14
Q

Describe the difference between biotic and abiotic factors.

A

Biotic = living,

abiotic =never living

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15
Q

Give examples of biotic factors

A

Cat, dog, food, predators, competition, diseases

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16
Q

Give examples of abiotic factors

A

Salinity, temperature, sunlight, natrual disasters,

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17
Q

How does marine pollution affect the marine environment

A

Lowers oxygen, block sunlight, Indigestion in animals

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18
Q

What is the carrying capacity?

A

Amount of species in an area/how much can be held

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19
Q

What are limiting factors?

A

How big the population can get

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20
Q

Give examples of limiting factors

A

Space, food, temperature levels, diseases, natural disasters, competition

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21
Q

How do limiting factors affect the caring capacity?

A

Limit the amount that the place can hold

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22
Q

Explain the difference between a producer and a consumer

A

Producers make own food by photosynthesis, consumers eat producers

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23
Q

Give examples of a producer

A

Algae, plants

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24
Q

Give examples of a consumer

A

Sharks, dolphin, zooplankton

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25
Q

Explain the difference between a primary, secondary and a tertiary consumer

A

Primary eats producers, secondary eats primary, tertiary eats secondary

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26
Q

Give examples of a primary consumer

A

Manatee

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27
Q

Give examples of a secondary consumer

A

shark, fish

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28
Q

Give examples of a tertiary consumer

A

Tuna, giant squid, killer whale, orca

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29
Q

Describe the difference between an autotrough, a herbivore, carnivore and an omnivore

A

Autotroph, makes own food. Herbivore eats plants. Carnivore eats animals. Omnivore eats both

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30
Q

Give examples of an autotroph

A

Phytoplankton

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31
Q

Give examples of a herbivore

A

Manatee, zooplankton

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32
Q

Give examples of a carnivore

A

Sharks, sea snakes

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33
Q

give examples of an omnivore

A

Sea turtle

34
Q

Which zone would contain the most producers?

A

Intertidal zone

35
Q

Which zone would have the greatest biodiversity?

A

Intertidal zone

36
Q

What happens to the energy into the number of individuals as you move up the food chain?

37
Q

How do predators and prey interact?

A

Predators eat pray

38
Q

How is predator and prey population size link

A

When predators increase prey decrease, vice versa

39
Q

What is population density?

A

Number of individuals in an area

40
Q

Why is population density important to species?

A

Because without population density the food chain would be unbalanced

41
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

Interaction between two different species living together

42
Q

Describe the difference between commensalism, mutualism and parasitism

A

Mutualism, where both organisms benefit. Commensalism, where one organism benefits while the other organism is not harmed. Parasitism is when one benefits and the other is harmed

43
Q

Give examples of commensalism

A

Sponges have a habitats for things, remoras on sharks

44
Q

Give examples of mutualism

A

Clown fish, anenome, camouflage

45
Q

Give examples of parasitism

A

Bacteria, fungus, worms

46
Q

What is an invasive species?

A

Lionfish, goes to other fish species, non-native

47
Q

What affect do invasive species have on the native species?

A

Take resources from other organisms causing harm

48
Q

List the statement for Darwins theory of natural selection.

A
  1. ) Variation in species
  2. ) offspring survive
  3. ) competition for resources
  4. ) adaptions allow them to survive
49
Q

Why is overproduction of offspring important?

A

Higher chance of survival

50
Q

Give examples of adaptions?

A

camouflage in stripes, hardshell

51
Q

What is survival of the fittest?

A

Best adapted can survive

52
Q

What are variations?

A

Differences in individuals

53
Q

What causes variations among species?

54
Q

Why are variations important to species?

A

If everything was the same everything could die

55
Q

Explain the difference between Bentos, plankton and Nekton including their location and movement.

A

Benthos live on the bottom, move by crawling -little swimming. Plankton live near the surface. Nekton swim, found everywhere

56
Q

Give examples of benthos

A

Sponges, worms, sea anemone

57
Q

Give examples of plankton

A

Larva, zooplankton, phytoplankton

58
Q

Give examples of nekton

A

Fish, manatees, sharks, whales

59
Q

What is the difference between phytoplankton and zooplankton?

A

Phytoplankton, producers. Zooplankton, consumers.

60
Q

What must phytoplankton have?

A

Sunlight, Clearwater

61
Q

List the types of parasites that were covered in unit six.

A

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, prodozoi, ecoli, worms

62
Q

How are marine algae classified?

63
Q

Explain how marine algae obtain their energy

A

Sunlight, photosynthesis

64
Q

Why are sponges important to small invertebrates?

A

Provide shelter

65
Q

What abiotic conditions are necessary for the formation of coral reefs?

A

Salt water, clean clear water, sunlight, salinity, warm temperatures

66
Q

Describe coral bleaching

A

Release algae cause water gets too warm

67
Q

Give examples of the class Cephalopoda?

A

Octopus, squid, nodeis

68
Q

Give examples of the class Bivalva

A

Scallops, clams, muscles

69
Q

Give examples of the phylum Arthropoda

A

Crabs, lobsters, crayfish

70
Q

Give examples of the phylum echinodermata

A

Starfish, sea cucumbers, see stars

71
Q

What is the difference between a vertebrate and an invertebrate?

A

Vertebrates have backbone

72
Q

Why are estuaries important to juvenile fish and invertebrates?

A

Provide habitats, protection

73
Q

Describe the characteristics of the class chondrichthyes

A

Have cartilage, no swim bladder, clackoid scales

74
Q

Give examples of the class chondrichthyes

A

Sharks, skates, rays

75
Q

How did the majority of bony fish reproduce?

A

External fertilization, large amount of eggs

76
Q

Explain reproduction in sea turtles

A

On the sand, dig hole, covers sand, leave, no parental care

77
Q

Why is it important to protect the coastlines and beaches in order to preserve sea turtles?

A

Because that’s where they lay eggs

78
Q

Which animal belongs to class aves?

79
Q

describe the characteristics of mammals

A

Hair, live birth, memory glands, two sets of teeth, lungs, four chambered heart

80
Q

Which animals belong to the order Cetacea?

81
Q

Describe echo location. Which marine animal uses this technique

A

Dolphins, bounces sounds off of objects

Marine Science Final Maya (1 decks)

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