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8th Grade Sci > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

science

A

a way of learning more about the natural world that provides possible explanations to questions and involves using collection of skills

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2
Q

scientific theory

A

an attempt to explain a pattern observed repeatedly in the natural world

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3
Q

scientific law

A

a rule that describes a pattern in nature

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4
Q

investigation

A

the search for an answer to a question

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5
Q

the scientific method

A

a series of organized steps that scientists follow to create and conduct experiments

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6
Q

descriptive research

A

a method which answers scientific questions thru observation

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7
Q

experimental design

A

collection of structures, cycles, and processes that relate to and interact with each other.

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8
Q

three branches of science

A

life, earth/space, and physical science

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9
Q

physical science

A

the study of matter and energy (physics & chem)

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10
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

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11
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter that an object has

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12
Q

weight

A

measure of pull of gravity on object

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13
Q

force

A

push or pull

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14
Q

volume

A

amount of space that object occupies or is enclosed in a container

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15
Q

density

A

ratio of mass to volume; mass / volume

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16
Q

temperature

A

measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of matter

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17
Q

thermometer

A

tool used to measure temperature

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18
Q

Degrees Celsius

A

metric unit of temperature

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19
Q

SI

A

international system of units

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20
Q

hypothesis

A

reasonable and possible answer to your questions based on what you know and what you observe; testable; a prediction

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21
Q

prediction

A

statement about what might occur in the future

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22
Q

infer

A

to draw a conclusion based on observations

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23
Q

inference

A

statement about what someone believes has ALREADY HAPPENED

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24
Q

evidence

A

available FACTS and INFORMATION indicating whether belief is true or valid

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25
Q

variables

A

factors that can be changed in experiment

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26
Q

IV

A

variable changed in experiment

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27
Q

DV

A

variable that changes as a result of change in the IV; what is observed/measured

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28
Q

constants

A

variables that aren’t changed

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29
Q

control

A

variable used for comparison / not affected by IV

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30
Q

data

A

info

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31
Q

qualitative data

A

data pertaining to characteristics

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32
Q

quantitative data

A

data pertaining to numbers

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33
Q

spring scale

A

tool used to measure weight and forces

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34
Q

graduated cylinder

A

tool used to measure and hold liquid

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35
Q

meniscus

A

curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube

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36
Q

displace

A

take over the place or position

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37
Q

displacement method

A

a way of measuring the object volume by displacing water when an object is placed into water.

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38
Q

beaker

A

tool used to measure and hold liquids

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39
Q

triple beam balance

A

tool used to measure mass

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40
Q

technology

A

practical use of science (applied science)

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41
Q

model

A

any representation of object or event used as a tool for understanding natural world

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42
Q

types of models

A

physical, computer, and idea models

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43
Q

physical models

A

models that you can see and touch

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44
Q

computer models

A

models built by using computer software

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45
Q

idea models

A

ideas/concepts that describe how someone thinks about something in natural world. E.g. E=mc^2 shows mass can be changed into energy

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46
Q

data table

A

graphic that organizes related data into rows and column

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47
Q

circle graph

A

pie chart; used to show data as parts of a whole

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48
Q

bar graph

A

visual display uses bars to show size of data; useful for comparing data

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49
Q

line graph

A

uses plotted lines to show relationship in change between sets of datas/variables

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50
Q

direct relationship

A

when IV and DV change in same ways

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51
Q

indirect relationship

A

when IV and DV change in opposite ways

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52
Q

cyclic relationship

A

pattern repeated in a regular way

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53
Q

interpolate

A

insert into a series by estimating or calculating from surrounding KNOWN values

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54
Q

extrapolate

A

EXTEND by inferring unknown values form trends in known data

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55
Q

extrapolation

A

finding values BEYOND KNOWN data points

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56
Q

experimental error

A

when something goes wrong in an experiment and causes unexpected results

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57
Q

deductive reasoning

A

take a deeper detail into broad situation

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58
Q

inductive reasoning

A

take a specific situation to make into a broader generalization

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59
Q

how do scientists solve problems?

A

scientists love to use resources when solving problems. the scientific method is an example.

60
Q

inertia

A

resistance of an object

61
Q

what does more mass equal?

A

more speed

62
Q

observation

A

GATHERING OF INFO by using five SENSES

63
Q

L or T : energy cannot be created or destroyed. it can only change in other forms

A

L

64
Q

L or T : the earth is the center of the universe.

A

T

65
Q

L or T : the moon was formed somewhere else in the solar system.

A

T

66
Q

L or T : the sun is the center of the universe.

A

T

67
Q

L or T : for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

A

L (newton’s)

68
Q

meniscus

A

the curving of water on the sides of a glass due to adhesion.

69
Q

accuracy

A

closeness of a measured value to STANDARD OR KNOWN VALUE

70
Q

precision

A

closeness of two or more measurements to EACH OTHER

71
Q

how is precision and accuracy related?

A

they’re independent from each other. you can be precise, but still not be close to the bullseye, whereas you can be accurate, but not precise.

72
Q

percent of error formula

A

exact value - approximate value | / exact value * 100

73
Q

what can’t you use the displacement method for?

A

objects with densities <1 or large objects.

74
Q

what does the displacement method work with?

A

regular and irregular shaped objects with a density greater than 1

75
Q

what can you use the formula method for

A

cubes or prisms

76
Q

what are the two ways to find the volume of an object?

A

displacement method and formula

77
Q

why are cells so small?

A

cells must move from one place to another in a quick and efficient way; as cells increase, the membrane also increases and so does the volume. if cells grow larger, the amount of material that passes thru membrane decreases.

78
Q

what is the ratio of an object’s surface area to its volume when it gets larger in size?

A

sa/volume ratio decreases as size increases.

79
Q

evidence

A

available facts/info indicating WHETHER A BELIEF IS TRUE OR VALID

80
Q

what is the IV also known as

A

manipulative variable

81
Q

what is the DV also known as

A

responding variable

82
Q

what are the six characteristics of life (cogrra)

A
  1. composed of cells
  2. obtain and use energy
  3. grow and develop
  4. reproduce,
  5. respond to environment
  6. adapt to environment
83
Q

sexual reproduction

A

2 parents

84
Q

asexual reproduction

A

1 parent

85
Q

ion

A

extra proton or one less electron

86
Q

atomic number represents

A

number of protons

87
Q

in a neutral charged element, the number of electrons is

A

the same as protons

88
Q

to find the neutrons, we must

A

subtract atomic mass - protons

89
Q

why is atomic mass in decimals?

A

atomic mass is the average of all the isotopes of an element.

90
Q

solid properties

A

tightly packed, vibrating in place

91
Q

gas properties

A

spread out, travel in straight line

92
Q

neutrons

A

neutral

93
Q

protons

A

positive

94
Q

electrons

A

negative

95
Q

cation

A

positively charged ion

96
Q

anion

A

negatively charged ion

97
Q

what do rows in a periodic table represent?

A

periods

98
Q

what do columns in periodic table represent?

A

families, similar reactions/ characteristics

99
Q

metalloids

A

properties of metals and nonmetals

100
Q

atomic mass

A

number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one atom

101
Q

an earthworm turns away from light

A

respond to an environment

102
Q

a bean seed produces a bean plant

A

reproduce

103
Q

a student tries to solve a math problem

A

obtain and use energy

104
Q

a person breathes out carbon dioxide

A

obtain and use energy

105
Q

you become thirsty after exercise

A

respond to environment

106
Q

a green plant grows in the direction of light

A

respond to environment

107
Q

the average American females live 78 yrs

A

grow and develop

108
Q

a caterpillar eats the leaves of a plant

A

obtain and use energy

109
Q

plant wilts and dies from drying out

A

grow and develop

110
Q

humming bird can hover like a helicopter

A

obtain and use energy

111
Q

cats mate and produce kittens

A

reproduce

112
Q

birds’ feathers provide warmth, help birds fly or swim, and keep them dry

A

adapt to environment

113
Q

a runner becomes hot during a race

A

respond to environment

114
Q

fireflies produce flashes of light

A

obtain and use energy, and respond

115
Q

cottontail rabbit may live for 8 yrs

A

grow and develop

116
Q

bear hibernates when it is cold

A

respond to environment

117
Q

cut heals after a few days

A

respond to environment, composed of cells

118
Q

fish scales keep water out of its body

A

adapt to environment

119
Q

bacteria are single-celled organisms while humans are multi-cellular

A

made of cells

120
Q

what’s the difference between single-cell and multi-cell?

A

single cells are duplicates of one another, therefore they execute the SAME ACTION. multi-cells are different, therefore they can PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

121
Q

Earnest Rutherford

A

discovered existense of atoms and neutrons

122
Q

relationship between protons and electrons with no net charge

A

protons=electrons

123
Q

when is water most dense? (1)

A

4*C

124
Q

when does water contract?

A

until 4*C

125
Q

when does water expand?

A

from 4C to 0C

126
Q

how does ice protect aquatic organisms?

A

acts as an insulator (blanket) for ocean, reflecting heat away rather than absorbing heat due to its white complexion. transition between seasons less abrupts

127
Q

solvency

A

water is universal solvent bc it has positive and negative charge

128
Q

cohesion

A

attraction between water molecules

129
Q

adhesion

A

attraction between water molecules and an object

130
Q

high surface temp of water

A

100*C

131
Q

high heat of vaportization

A

when water boils it evaporates

132
Q

density of water

A

as the temperature increases, the density of water decreases.

133
Q

how many periods in periodic table

A

7

134
Q

how many columns in periodic table

A

18

135
Q

where are noble gases

A

group 18

136
Q

chemical family

A

columns

137
Q

if elements are in the same group, what does it mean?

A

same properties

138
Q

Alkali Metals properties

A
  1. 1 electron in outer shell
  2. REACTIVE
  3. conductors
  4. group1
139
Q

Transition metals props

A
  1. conductors
  2. 32 electrons
  3. 3-12
140
Q

halogen props

A
  1. 7 electrons
  2. REACTIVE
  3. nonmetals
  4. 17
141
Q

rare earth metals

A

conductors

142
Q

oxygen

A

Group 16; reactive, 6 electrons

143
Q

nitrogen

A

group 15; 5 electrons

144
Q

carbon

A

group 14; 4 electrons

145
Q

boron

A

group 13; 3 electrons

146
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

2 electrons; group 2

8th Grade Sci (1 decks)

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