1-50 Flashcards
Is a study of crimes, criminal victims and criminal behavior
Criminology
A desicion by a judge or magistrate that a person is a guilty of a crime
Conviction
An order commanding an accused to appear in court
Criminal summons
Forcibly taking someone against their will
Abduction
Any happening beyond control of persons, consequences of which qre not foreseeable
Accident
Person who charged of an offense in court and facing trial
Accused
An acknowledgement of facts
Admission
Those who commit criminal acts as a result of unanticipated circumstances
Accidental criminal
When the offender acquires something as a consequence of his criminal acts
Acquisitive crime
Mother of criminals
Ada juke
Crimes committed by those persons belonging to the upper socio-economic status or in the course of his occupational activities
White collar crimes
Are those crimes committed by ordinary criminals as a means of livehood
Blue collar crimes
Is a person who committed crime as a result of reacting to a situation or during a moment of anger or burst of feeling
Acute criminal
Is one who committed a crime with intent or deliberated thinking
Chronic criminal
Is one who has mental disorder
Neurotic criminal
A person who commits crimes because he looks up to, idolizes people who are criminal
Normal criminal
A criminal who engages in crimes which do not require specialized or technical skills
Ordinary criminal
Is one possesses some skills and know how which enable him to commit crimes and evade detection
Organized criminal
A highly skilled criminals which are engaged in a large scale criminal activities and usually operate in groups
Professional criminal
A person who got involved in criminal act because the situation presented itself
Situational criminal
A person who repeatedly commits criminal act for different reasons
Habitual criminal
A person who accidentally violated the law due to some circumstances
Accidental criminal
Is that branch of public law which defines crime threats of their nature and provides for their punishment
Criminal law
Is a bread of marital trust and fidelity, involving a married person engaging in a romantic or sexual relationship with someone other than their spouse
Adultery
An individual who commits series of similar crimes over q period of time, often with a distinctive modus operation
Serial offender
A program that brings together crimesl victims to share their experiences with offenders as a form of restorative justice
Victim impact panel
Legal responsibility for committing a crime, which can vary depending on factors like intent, age, qnd mental capacity
Criminal liability
A law enforcement strategy that emphasizes collaboration between police and community to prevent crime and build trust
Community policing
A belief that a group or organization is secretly conspiring to commit unlawful acts or control society, often without credible evidence
Conspiring theory
A form of criminal sentencing that allows offenders to serve their sentences in the community under supervision rather than in prison
Probation
Measures and practices to protect computer system, networks and data from digital threats and cybercrimes
Cyber security
The study of how societal responses to denant behavior such as labeling and stigmatization, can influence an individual’s subsequent actions.
Societal reaction theory
Illegal acquired financial gains obtained through criminal activities, often subject to asset forfeiture laws
Criminal profits
A criminal organization involved in the production, trafficking, and distribution of illegal drugs, often operating across borders
Drug cartel
An assault that involves the use of deadly weapon or the intent to cause serious bodily harm, typically considered a felony
Felonious assault
The legal process of clearing an individual of a criminal conviction, often due to new evidence or wrongful conviction
Exoneration
The study of how the physical and social environment can influence criminal behavior patterns
Environmental criminology
The act of jury deliberately disregarding the law and acquitting a defendant despite evidence of guilt
Jury nullification
A legal process that allows individuals to have certain past criminal a conviction erased or sealed from public view
Criminal record expungement
A community-based initiative where resident work together to monitor and report suspicious activity to prevent crime
Neighborhood watch program
A professional who provides support and information to crime victims and witnesses throughout the criminal justice process
Victim-witness advocate
The evaluation of threats made by individuals to determine their credibility and potential for harm
Criminal threat assessment
Regulations and policies aimed at restricting the purchase, possession, and use of firearms to reduce gun-related crimes
Gun control laws
The process of creating psychological and behavioral profile of a criminal based on evidence from scenes and patterns
Offender profiling
A legal philosophy that emphasizes the importance of written laws and legal institutions in defining and enforcing criminal behavior
Legal positivism
The process by which individuals in long term confinement, such as prisons, adapt to the routine and norms of the institution
Institutionalization
An arrangement between jurisdictions allowing the recognition and enforcement of each others legal decisions, often related to extradition
Reciprocity agreement
The systematic process of recreating and analyzing the sequence of events that occured during criminal incident
Crime scene reconstraction
An individual who has had their freedom and movement restricted or curtailed by legal or administrative authorities
Person deprived of liberty (PDC)
Individuals who have been arrested, detained, or incarcerated as a result of their involvement in alleged criminal activities are considered persons deprived of liberty. This can include individuals held in pretrial detention, awaiting trial, serving a sentence in prison.
Criminal justice system (CJS)
