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Org Chem PACOP > 1-50 > Flashcards

1-50 Flashcards

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1
Q

The following statement is/are true regarding the relationship of bond length and bond polarity except:

A

As the bond polarity increase, the bond length decreases

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2
Q

The following statement/s is/are true regarding the relationship of hybridization of orbitals and bond length:

A

As the s character increases, the bond length decreases

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3
Q

BOND STRENGTH or BOND ENERGY is the energy necessary to break the only bond in a diatomic molecule or to dissociate the bonded atoms to their bond state. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding its relationship with orbital hybridization, bond length and bond poarity?

A

All of the choices

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4
Q

What is the name of the following structure?

A

3 methyl hexane

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5
Q

What is the name of the following structure? (May double bond)

A

2 methylpentene

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6
Q

What is the name of the following structure: CH3CH2CH2-C=CH

A

1- pentyne
N-propylacetylene

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7
Q

The following structure is the side chain of amino acid tryptophan. What is the name of the following structure?

A

Indole

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8
Q

The structure of nucleic acid base cytosine, uracil and thymine is based on following N-ring. What is the name of the following structure?

A

Pyrimidine

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9
Q

Organic pharmaceuticals are often complex molecules which have a variety of acidic and basic functional groups. The behaviour of these groups in an aqueous environment will influence the activity of the drug and its absorption in the different compartments of the body. Which of the following statement is/are true regarding the pH of the medium and the acidic/basic property of the drug?

A

All of the above

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10
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding drug distribution and pKa?

A
  • Indomethacin (pKa=4.5) will be absorb from the stomach rather than intestinal mucosa
  • Ephedrine (pKa=9.6) will be absorb from the intestinal mucosa rather than the stomach
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11
Q

These lipid soluble compounds are also paraffin or saturated hydrocarbons. They commonly undergo halogination and combustion reaction and, in vivo, terminal carbon or side chain hydroxylation may occur.

A

Alkanes

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12
Q

These lipid soluble compounds are also known as olefins and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Their common reactions are the addition of hydrogen or halogenation, hydration (to form glycols), and oxidation (to form peroxides).

A

Alkenes

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13
Q

The structure of these compounds is based on benzene. These molecules exhibit multicenter bonding, which confers unique chemical properties

A

Aromatic hydrocarbon

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14
Q

Which of the following alcohols is the most water soluble?

A

Methanol

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15
Q

Which of the following statement is /are true regarding oxidation of alcohols?

A

Tertiary alcohols ordinarily are not oxidized

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16
Q

Which of the following compounds has a general formula of R-O-R with an oxygen bonded to 2 carbon atoms?

A

Ether

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17
Q

These compounds have a general formula of R-CHO and contain a carbon group (C=O). The common reactions of these compounds are oxidation and hemiacetal and acetal formation.

A

Aldehydes

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18
Q

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the water solubility of amines?

A

Branching decreases water solubility

Tertiary amines are the least water soluble compared to primary and secondary amines

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19
Q

These compounds have a general formula of RCOOR and commonly undergo hydrolysis to form carboxylic acid and alcohol.

A

Esters

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20
Q

These compounds have a general formula of RCOOH and commonly undergo salt formation with bases, esterification and decaroxylation.

A

Carboxylic acid

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21
Q

Which of the following classes of organic compounds reacts to form salts with hydrochloric acid?

A

Rectangle

22
Q

Which of the following terms best describes the following reaction:

NH2 and Methyl –> Methylbenzyl

A

Oxidative deamination

23
Q

Which of the following functional group when added to a benzene nucleus, decreases the lipid solubility of the benzene

A

Carboxylic acid group and phenolic group

24
Q

For questions 24-26, refer to the drug molecule :

A

I is correct (An aqueous base)

25
Q

Decomposition the drug molecule at room temperature most likely would occur by

A

Hydrolysis of the ester

26
Q

Reactions that will be possible metabolic pathways for the drug molecule include

A

I, II, III are correct

27
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding drugs?

A

All of the above

28
Q

Most drugs bind to their targets by means of intermolecular bonds. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding these forces?

A

A and C only

29
Q

A range of the following compounds in increasing strength of carbonyl oxygen as a hydrogen bond acceptor:

A

IV, III, II, I

30
Q

This is the type of enzyme inhibition where the drug react with the enzyme and forms a covalent
bond.

a. Reversible inhibition
b. Irreversible inhibition
c. Competitive inhibition
d. Uncompetitive inhibition
e. Non-competitive inhibition

A

b. Irreversible inhibition

31
Q

These type of inhibitor binds to the enzyme substrate complex in which its effect cannot be
overcome by increasing the substrate concentration

a. Reversible inhibitor
b. Irreversible inhibitor
c. Competitive inhibitor
d. Uncompetitive inhibitor
e. Allosteric inhibitor

A

Uncompetitive inhibitor

32
Q

Which of the following drugs is incorrectly match with its target enzyme?

a. Imatinib: tyrosine kinase
b. Zidovudine: HIV reverse transcriptase
c. Zileuton: 5 lipoxygenase
d. 5-flourouracil: Bactericidal topoisomerase
e. Sildenafil: phosphodiesterase enzyme

A

5-flourouracil: Bactericidal topoisomerase

33
Q

This type of inhibitor binds to a binding site different from the active site. They alter the shape of the enzyme such that the active site is no longer recognizable

a. Reversible inhibitor
b. Irreversible inhibitor
c. Competitive inhibitor
d. Uncompetitive inhibitor
e. Allosteric inhibitor

A

Allosteric inhibitor

34
Q

Evaluate the following statements: Antagonists can mimic the natural messengers and activate receptors. Antagonist can bind to the receptor but they do not activate it.

a. Both statements are correct
b. Both statements are incorrect
c. Only the first statement is correct
d. Only the second statement is correct.

A

Only the second statement is correct

34
Q

The following factors must be considered in designing an agonist:

a. The drug must have the correct binding groups.
b. Specific functional groups must be correctly positioned.
c. The size and shape of the drug molecule.
d. A and B only
e. All of the above

A

All of the above

34
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding structurally-SPECIFIC and structurally NON
SPECIFIC drugs?

I. The biologic effect of structurally non specific drugs is more closely correlated with the physical properties of the molecules than with the chemical structure.

II. Examples of structurally non specific drugs are 6-mercaptopurine, phenothiazines, pyrimethamine, and primaquine.

III. The biologic effect of structurally specific drugs, although not completely independent of the physical properties, depends on certain chemical structure on drug molecule. Chemical reactivity of the drug plays an important role as reflected in bonding propensities and exactness of fit on the receptors.

IV. General anesthetics, hypnotics and volatile insecticides are typical examples of structurally
specific drugs.

A

I and III is correct

35
Q

Which of the following drug-enzyme pairs is/are correctly matched?

I. Penicillins – transpeptidase
II. Cephalosphorins – transpeptidase
III. Pyrimethamine – Dihydrofolate reductase
IV. Epinephrine – Adenylyl cyclise

A

I, II, and IV are correct

36
Q

It is generally conceived that an exact fit of the drug molecule and receptor is necessary to evoke
maximal biologic response that is imperative to consider the stereochemical makeup of drugs.
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the biologic activity of some stereochemical isomers?

I. Only the (-) isomer of ascorbic acid has
antiscorbutic activity\

II. Only the D isomers of alpha and beta glucose show high affinity for the red blood cell sugar transfer stem.

III. Only the (-) isomer of alpha methyldopa has hypotensive activity

IV. Only the D(threo) isomer has high anti-bacterial activity

A

I, II, III, and IV are correct

37
Q

What is the rate-limiting step in drug absorption of orally administered solid dosage forms?

a. Dissolution rate
b. Metabolism rate
c. Elimination rate
d. A and B only
e. B and C only

A

Dissolution rate

38
Q

Which of the following factors can influence the dissolution rate of drugs from solid dosage forms and hence, the therapeutic activity?

I. Solubility, particle size, crystalline form and salt form of the drug
II. Rate of disintegration in the gastrointestinal lumen
III. Gastric pH, motility and presence of food at the absorption site

A

I, II, and III are correct

39
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding renal excretion of drugs?

I. Renal excretion involves three processes: glomerular filtration, secretion and tubular reabsorption.
II. Both the free drug and the drug bond to plasma proteins are filtered by the kidneys.
III. Drugs with high lipid/water partition coefficients are reabsorbed readily while those with
low lipid/water partition coefficients are unable to diffuse back across the tubular membrane
and are excreted in the urine unless reabsorbed by an active carrier system.
IV. Altering the pH of urine can result to termination of biologic activity of weakly acidic and
basic drugs.

A

I, III, and IV are correct

40
Q

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding Phase I and Phase II Metabolic
reactions?
I. Phase I reactions include oxidation, hydroxylation, reduction and hydrolysis-enzymatic
reactions in which a new functional group in introduced into the drug molecule or an existing
functional group is modified making the drug more polar and more readily excreted.
II. Phase II reactions are enzymatic syntheses whereby a functional group is masked by the
addition of a new group, for example, acetyl, sulphate, glucoronic acid or certain amino
acids, which increases the polarity of the drug.
III. Most drugs undergo phase I reactions only.
IV. Drugs that are resistant to drug-metabolizing enzymes or that are hydrophilic are
excreted largely unchanged.

A

I, II, and IV are correct

41
Q

Which of the following statements regarding NADPH-Dependent Oxidative Reactions in Liver
Microsomes is/are correct?
I. Aniline is converted to p-Aminophenol by aromatic hydroxylation
II. Codeine is converted to morphine and formaldehyde by N-dealkylation.
III. Imipramine is converted to Despiramine by O-dealkylation
IV. Amphetamine is converted to Phenylacetone by deamination

A

I and IV are correct

42
Q

PHASE 1 METABOLIC TRANSFORMATION introduce new and polar functional groups into the molecule, which may produce one or more of the following changes, except:
a. Decreased pharmacologic activity-deactivation
b. Increased toxicity – intoxication
c. Altered pharmacologic activity
d. Increased pharmacologic activity – activation
e. None of the choices

A

None of the choices

43
Q

Which of the following Phase II pathway is correctly paired with their activated conjugating
immediate?
I. Glucoronic acid conjugation: uridine phosphate glucoronic acid (UDP-GA)
II. Sulfate conjugation: 3’-phospho adenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS)
III. Methylation: S-adenosylmethionine
IV. Amide synthesis: Coenzyme A

A

I, II, III, and IV are correct

44
Q

Sulfonamides can undergo which metabolic pathway?
I. Acetylation at the N4 amino group
II. Conjugation with glucoronic acid or sulphate at the N4 amino group
III. Acetylation or conjugation with glucoronic acid at the N1 amino group\
IV. Hydroxylation and conjugation in the heterocyclic ring, R

A

I, II, III, and IV are correct

45
Q

The first purely synthetic antimicrobial drug which was developed by Paul Erlich. This drug was used in the treatment of tryponosomiasis and syphilis.

a. Prontosil
b. Salvarsan
c. Phenol
d. Streptomycin
e. Penicillin

A

Salvarsan

46
Q

Which of the following antibacterial agents acts by inhibiting the metabolism of microbial organism but not of the host?

a. Sulfonamides
b. Polymyxins
c. Penicillins
d. Rifamycin
e. Nalidixic acid

A

Sulfonamides

47
Q

Which of the following antibacterial agents inhibit s bacterial cell wall synthesis?
a. Sulfonamides
b. Polymyxins
c. Penicillins
d. Rifamycin
e. Nalidixic acid

A

Penicillins

48
Q

Which of the following antibacterial agent can interact with the plasma membrane of bacterial
cells to affect membrane permeability?
a. Sulfonamides
b. Polymyxins
c. Penicillins
d. Rifamycin
e. Nalidixic acid

A

Polymyxins

Org Chem PACOP (6 decks)

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