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public speaking > 1-5 > Flashcards

1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

stage fright

A

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

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2
Q

adrenaline

A

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

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3
Q

positive nervousness

A

controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation

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4
Q

visualization

A

mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation

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5
Q

critical thinking

A

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

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6
Q

speaker

A

the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener

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7
Q

message

A

whatever a speaker communicates to someone else

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8
Q

channel

A

the means by which a message is communicated

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9
Q

listener

A

the person who receives the speaker’s message

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10
Q

frame of reference

A

the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. no two people can have exactly the same frame of reference

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11
Q

feedback

A

the message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

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12
Q

interference

A

anything that impedes the communication of a message, can be internal or external

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13
Q

situation

A

the time and place in which speech communication occurs

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14
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

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15
Q

ethics

A

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

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16
Q

ethical decisions

A

sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential douse of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

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17
Q

name-calling

A

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

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18
Q

Bill of Rights

A

the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution

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19
Q

plagiarism

A

presenting another person’s language or ideas as owns own

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20
Q

global plagiarism

A

stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as ones own

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21
Q

patchwork plagiarism

A

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them of as one’s own

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22
Q

incremental plagiarism

A

failing to give credit particular parts of a speech that are borrowing from other people

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23
Q

paraphrase

A

to restate or summarize an author’s ideas in one’s own words

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24
Q

hearing

A

the vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain

25
Q

listening

A

paying close attention to and making sense of what we hear

26
Q

appreciative listening

A

listening for pleasure or enjoyment

27
Q

empathetic listening

A

listening to provide emotional support for a speaker

28
Q

comprehensive listening

A

listening to understand the message of a speaker

29
Q

critical listening

A

listening to evaluate a message for purposed of accepting or rejecting it

30
Q

spare “brain time”

A

the difference between the rate of which most people talk and the rate at which the brain can process language

31
Q

active listening

A

giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker’s point of view

32
Q

key-word outline

A

an outline that briefly notes a speaker’s main point and supporting evidence in rough outline form

33
Q

ice breaker speech

A

a speech early in a term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible

34
Q

introduction

A

the opening section of a speech

35
Q

body

A

the main section of a speech

36
Q

chronological order

A

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

37
Q

topical order

A

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into local and consistent subtopics

38
Q

main points

A

the major points developed int he body of a speech

39
Q

transition

A

a word or phrase that indicated when a speaker has finished one throughout and is moving on to another

40
Q

conclusion

A

the final sections of a speech

41
Q

extemporaneous speech

A

a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

42
Q

gestures

A

motions of a speaker’s hands or arms during a speech

43
Q

eye contact

A

direct visual contact with the eyes of another person

44
Q

topic

A

the subject of a speech

45
Q

brainstorming

A

a method of generating ideas for speech topics by the free association of words and ideas

46
Q

general purpose

A

the broad goal of a speech

47
Q

specific purpose

A

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

48
Q

central idea

A

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

49
Q

residual message

A

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech

50
Q

audience-centerdness

A

keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

51
Q

identification

A

a process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals and experiences

52
Q

egocentrism

A

the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

53
Q

demographic audience analysis

A

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background

54
Q

stereotyping

A

creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike

55
Q

situational audience analysis

A

audience analysis that focuses on situational factors, such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker and the occasion

56
Q

attitude

A

a frame of mind in favor of out opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc

57
Q

fixed-alternative questions

A

questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives

58
Q

scale questions

A

questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers

59
Q

open-ended questions

A

questions that allow respondents to answer however they want

public speaking (1 decks)

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