1-5 Flashcards
What does the CAGE framework stand for?
Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, and Economic differences between countries in business operations.
What factors are considered in the “Cultural” dimension of the CAGE framework?
Language, religion, values, and social norms.
What does the “Administrative” dimension of CAGE focus on?
Differences in laws, government systems, and institutions.
What is the main focus of the World Values Survey (WVS)?
Understanding changing values and beliefs and their effects on social and political life.
What are the two key dimensions of WVS?
Survival vs. self-expression values and Traditional vs. secular-rational values.
Name the five key dimensions of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions.
Power distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty avoidance, and Long-term vs. short-term orientation.
What does “Power Distance” in Hofstede’s dimensions measure?
Acceptance of unequal power distribution in a society.
What is the GLOBE project?
A research program that identifies cultural dimensions and their impact on leadership.
Name three cultural dimensions from the GLOBE project.
Performance orientation, Assertiveness, and Humane orientation.
What are the three levels of culture in Schein’s model?
Artifacts, Beliefs and Values, and Basic Assumptions.
What do “Artifacts” represent in Schein’s model?
Visible symbols, behaviors, and structures of a culture.
What is the purpose of the Johari Window model?
To enhance self-awareness and improve communication.
What does the “Blind Spot” quadrant of the Johari Window represent?
Information known to others but unknown to oneself.
What is the focus of the Adapting model strategy?
Decentralization, informal methods, and qualitative data.
How does the Controlling model strategy differ from the Adapting model?
It emphasizes centralization, formality, and quantitative data.
What is a psychological contract?
Informal expectations between employees and employers.
What is the main belief of Theory X?
Employees dislike work and require close supervision.
What is the main belief of Theory Y?
Employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility.
What does Ouchi’s Theory Z emphasize?
Long-term employment, teamwork, and collective responsibility.
How do collectivist cultures approach Maslow’s hierarchy?
They prioritize belonging and social connections.
How do individualistic cultures apply Maslow’s model?
They emphasize self-actualization and independence.
Name two scales from Erin Meyer’s Cultural Map.
Communication and Trusting.
What does the scale “Leading” in Erin Meyer’s Cultural Map examine?
Leadership styles across different cultures.
What are the two types of institutions in Institutional Theory?
Formal institutions (laws and rules) and Informal institutions (social norms and traditions).
What is the role of institutions according to Scott’s perspective?
Shaping social behavior through regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive pillars.
What factors are considered in the “Administrative” dimension of the CAGE framework?
Legal systems, government structures, political risk, trade agreements, and colonial ties.
What factors are considered in the “Geographic” dimension of the CAGE framework?
Physical distance, transportation networks, time zones, climate, and shared borders.
What factors are considered in the “Economic” dimension of the CAGE framework?
Income levels, economic development, labor costs, resource availability, and currency differences.
What factors are considered under “Survival vs. Self-Expression” values in the WVS?
Emphasis on economic security, physical safety, self-expression, and quality of life.
What factors are considered under “Traditional vs. Secular-Rational” values in the WVS?
The role of religion, authority, family values, and attitudes towards independence and autonomy.
What factors are considered in the “Power Distance” dimension of Hofstede’s model?
Acceptance of inequality, hierarchy in organizations, and centralization of authority.
What factors are considered in the “Individualism vs. Collectivism” dimension of Hofstede’s model?
Importance of personal goals, group loyalty, and social harmony
What factors are considered in the “Masculinity vs. Femininity” dimension of Hofstede’s model?
Emphasis on competition, achievement, quality of life, and gender roles.
What factors are considered in the “Uncertainty Avoidance” dimension of Hofstede’s model?
Tolerance for ambiguity, reliance on rules, and attitudes toward change and risk.
What factors are considered in the “Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation” dimension of Hofstede’s model?
Focus on future rewards, persistence, immediate results, and respect for tradition.
What factors are considered under “Artifacts” in Schein’s model?
Visible structures, behaviors, office layouts, and dress codes.
What factors are considered under “Beliefs and Values” in Schein’s model?
Espoused principles, preferred behaviors, and organizational priorities.
What factors are considered under “Basic Assumptions” in Schein’s model?
Unconscious beliefs about reality, human nature, and organizational purpose.
What factors contribute to the “Open Area” in the Johari Window?
Known to you and others:
Shared knowledge, transparency, and mutual understanding.
What factors contribute to the “Hidden Area” in the Johari Window?
Known to you, hidden to others: Unshared information, personal insecurities, and withheld feedback.
What factors contribute to the “Unknown Area” in the Johari Window?
Known by no one: Unexplored potential, latent talents, and undiscovered opportunities.
What 8 factors are analyzed in Erin Meyer’s Cultural Map?
Communication, deciding, disagreeing, evaluating, leading, persuading, scheduling, trusting.
What factors are considered under formal institutions?
Laws, regulations, property rights, and governance structures.
What are the nine dimensions in the GLOBE framework?
(1) Assertiveness, (2) Future Orientation, (3) Gender Egalitarianism, (4) Humane Orientation, (5) Institutional Collectivism, (6) In-Group Collectivism, (7) Performance Orientation, (8) Power Distance, and (9) Uncertainty Avoidance
