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Cross cultural management > 1-5 > Flashcards

1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the CAGE framework stand for?

A

Cultural, Administrative, Geographic, and Economic differences between countries in business operations.

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2
Q

What factors are considered in the “Cultural” dimension of the CAGE framework?

A

Language, religion, values, and social norms.

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3
Q

What does the “Administrative” dimension of CAGE focus on?

A

Differences in laws, government systems, and institutions.

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4
Q

What is the main focus of the World Values Survey (WVS)?

A

Understanding changing values and beliefs and their effects on social and political life.

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5
Q

What are the two key dimensions of WVS?

A

Survival vs. self-expression values and Traditional vs. secular-rational values.

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6
Q

Name the five key dimensions of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions.

A

Power distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty avoidance, and Long-term vs. short-term orientation.

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7
Q

What does “Power Distance” in Hofstede’s dimensions measure?

A

Acceptance of unequal power distribution in a society.

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8
Q

What is the GLOBE project?

A

A research program that identifies cultural dimensions and their impact on leadership.

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9
Q

Name three cultural dimensions from the GLOBE project.

A

Performance orientation, Assertiveness, and Humane orientation.

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10
Q

What are the three levels of culture in Schein’s model?

A

Artifacts, Beliefs and Values, and Basic Assumptions.

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11
Q

What do “Artifacts” represent in Schein’s model?

A

Visible symbols, behaviors, and structures of a culture.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the Johari Window model?

A

To enhance self-awareness and improve communication.

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13
Q

What does the “Blind Spot” quadrant of the Johari Window represent?

A

Information known to others but unknown to oneself.

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14
Q

What is the focus of the Adapting model strategy?

A

Decentralization, informal methods, and qualitative data.

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15
Q

How does the Controlling model strategy differ from the Adapting model?

A

It emphasizes centralization, formality, and quantitative data.

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16
Q

What is a psychological contract?

A

Informal expectations between employees and employers.

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17
Q

What is the main belief of Theory X?

A

Employees dislike work and require close supervision.

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18
Q

What is the main belief of Theory Y?

A

Employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility.

19
Q

What does Ouchi’s Theory Z emphasize?

A

Long-term employment, teamwork, and collective responsibility.

20
Q

How do collectivist cultures approach Maslow’s hierarchy?

A

They prioritize belonging and social connections.

21
Q

How do individualistic cultures apply Maslow’s model?

A

They emphasize self-actualization and independence.

22
Q

Name two scales from Erin Meyer’s Cultural Map.

A

Communication and Trusting.

23
Q

What does the scale “Leading” in Erin Meyer’s Cultural Map examine?

A

Leadership styles across different cultures.

24
Q

What are the two types of institutions in Institutional Theory?

A

Formal institutions (laws and rules) and Informal institutions (social norms and traditions).

25
Q

What is the role of institutions according to Scott’s perspective?

A

Shaping social behavior through regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive pillars.

26
Q

What factors are considered in the “Administrative” dimension of the CAGE framework?

A

Legal systems, government structures, political risk, trade agreements, and colonial ties.

27
Q

What factors are considered in the “Geographic” dimension of the CAGE framework?

A

Physical distance, transportation networks, time zones, climate, and shared borders.

28
Q

What factors are considered in the “Economic” dimension of the CAGE framework?

A

Income levels, economic development, labor costs, resource availability, and currency differences.

29
Q

What factors are considered under “Survival vs. Self-Expression” values in the WVS?

A

Emphasis on economic security, physical safety, self-expression, and quality of life.

30
Q

What factors are considered under “Traditional vs. Secular-Rational” values in the WVS?

A

The role of religion, authority, family values, and attitudes towards independence and autonomy.

31
Q

What factors are considered in the “Power Distance” dimension of Hofstede’s model?

A

Acceptance of inequality, hierarchy in organizations, and centralization of authority.

32
Q

What factors are considered in the “Individualism vs. Collectivism” dimension of Hofstede’s model?

A

Importance of personal goals, group loyalty, and social harmony

33
Q

What factors are considered in the “Masculinity vs. Femininity” dimension of Hofstede’s model?

A

Emphasis on competition, achievement, quality of life, and gender roles.

34
Q

What factors are considered in the “Uncertainty Avoidance” dimension of Hofstede’s model?

A

Tolerance for ambiguity, reliance on rules, and attitudes toward change and risk.

35
Q

What factors are considered in the “Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation” dimension of Hofstede’s model?

A

Focus on future rewards, persistence, immediate results, and respect for tradition.

36
Q

What factors are considered under “Artifacts” in Schein’s model?

A

Visible structures, behaviors, office layouts, and dress codes.

37
Q

What factors are considered under “Beliefs and Values” in Schein’s model?

A

Espoused principles, preferred behaviors, and organizational priorities.

38
Q

What factors are considered under “Basic Assumptions” in Schein’s model?

A

Unconscious beliefs about reality, human nature, and organizational purpose.

39
Q

What factors contribute to the “Open Area” in the Johari Window?

A

Known to you and others:
Shared knowledge, transparency, and mutual understanding.

40
Q

What factors contribute to the “Hidden Area” in the Johari Window?

A

Known to you, hidden to others: Unshared information, personal insecurities, and withheld feedback.

41
Q

What factors contribute to the “Unknown Area” in the Johari Window?

A

Known by no one: Unexplored potential, latent talents, and undiscovered opportunities.

42
Q

What 8 factors are analyzed in Erin Meyer’s Cultural Map?

A

Communication, deciding, disagreeing, evaluating, leading, persuading, scheduling, trusting.

43
Q

What factors are considered under formal institutions?

A

Laws, regulations, property rights, and governance structures.

44
Q

What are the nine dimensions in the GLOBE framework?

A

(1) Assertiveness, (2) Future Orientation, (3) Gender Egalitarianism, (4) Humane Orientation, (5) Institutional Collectivism, (6) In-Group Collectivism, (7) Performance Orientation, (8) Power Distance, and (9) Uncertainty Avoidance

Cross cultural management (2 decks)

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