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OS2 > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Flexors pull pelvis which direction? Extensors?

A

Flexors: anteriorly

Extensors: posteriorly

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2
Q

Major hip flexors

A

Iliacus and Psoas

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3
Q

What nerve pierces the piriformis?

A

Sciatic n.

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4
Q

Contraction of the piriformis may cause what?

A

Sciatica

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5
Q

Function of the piriformis

A

Abductor when hip is FLEXED
External rotator when hip is EXTENDED

*ONLY rotator that connects directly to sacrum

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6
Q

How to determine LATERALITY?

A

Pelvic Compression

Standing Flexion

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7
Q

Positive side for Standing Flexion test?

A

Innominate will lock out and move most CEPHALAD

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8
Q

Pubic shears are often seen with what?

A

Rotations

Upslips

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9
Q

What is Lumbarization of the sacrum?

A

When S1 and S2 do NOT fuse

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10
Q

Sacrum has how many vertebrae?

A

5

S1-S5

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11
Q

Where are sacral epidural nerve blocks performed?

A

Sacral hiatus

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12
Q

How many vertebrae make up the Coccyx?

A

4

C1-C4

*Lowest part of spinal cord

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13
Q

What are the 3 true pelvic ligaments?

A

Posterior sacroiliac ligaments: PSIS to 3rd/4th sacral segments

Interosseous sacroiliac ligaments: from medial sacral crest to iliac tuberosities

Anterior sacroiliac ligaments: attach from 3rd sacral segment to preauricular surface of ilium

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14
Q

What do the Sacrospinous and Sacrotuberous ligaments do?

A

Prevent apex of sacrum from moving posteriorly and superiorly (like the attic door movement…going up)

*Opposite=Iliolumbar ligament–stabilizes posterior motion..attaches 4th/5th lumbar vertebra to iliac crests

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15
Q

What does the sacrospinous ligament attach?

A

Attaches sacrum to ischial spine

*Creates greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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16
Q

Ileum vs ischium

A

Ileum=top part

Ischium=lower part

17
Q

Cranial and Sacral dura attachment

A

Cranial dura: C1-C2

Sacral: S2

18
Q

Force closure vs Form closure

A

Force closure: muscles holding object by pressure on sides

Form closure: roman arch. (Sacrum=keystone between iliums)

19
Q

3 transverse axes of motion on sacrum

A

Superior (S1): “respiratory”. At level of articular process of S2. Inhalation: base goes posterior, apex-anterior..”Think of sacral base as moving back to let in air”

Middle (S2): “Postural” or “Sacroiliac”. Flexion/extension in sitting/standing. Level of S2 body. Flexion: base goes anterior

Inferior (S3 axis): “Iliosacral”. axis for rotation of iliums on sacrum…at inferior pole of lower sacral articulation

20
Q

Cranial motions

A

Sacral base goes posteriorly and apex anteriorly during CRANIAL FLEXION

Base anterior and apex posteriorly during CRANIOSACRAL EXTENSION
(opp. of sacrum movements)

Craniosacral flexion/extension is VERY different than postural flexion/extension

W/ flexion, SBS moves up

21
Q

Nutation vs Counternutation

A

Nutation: Nodding forward (base goes anterior)

Counternutation: (base goes posterior). Occurs w/ craniosacral/SBS flexion

22
Q

Dynamic motion occurs around what axes?

A

Oblique

23
Q

Where to place hands during 4-pt passive test

A

Contact each sacral sulci and ILA

Put force around oblique axis…looking for ease of motion

24
Q

Where to put palms during Side Bending

A

Palms on ILA’s…give cephalad force

25
Q

Fred Mitchell Sr.: described muscle energy in 1958. Held 5 day tutorial. Son later published his manual.

JAOA article by Dr. Vick- evaluated reported injuries from manipulation. Risk=1 in million

S. Haldeman: unpredictability of Cerebral Vascular Ischemia..more common injuries from tennis etc

A

True

26
Q

Golgi Tendon Reflex

A

They are stretched whenever muscles contract

They detect degree of skeletal muscle tension and send this info to CNS…synapse w/ inhibitory interneurons…cause reflex relaxation of the muscle

Purpose: prevent tissue disruption

SUDDEN STRETCH activates golgi tendon organ.

27
Q

Spinal somatic dysfunction involves: Vertebral segment

*segment above and below the disc between the 2

A

True

28
Q

Where does dura attach?

A

Superior transverse axis (S2) (Foramen magnum, C1, C2, S2)

Motion from SBS is transferred through the dura to the sacrum

*dura is like a string…it’s attached at the foramen magnum in your skull and to your S2 articular processes on your sacrum. The string pulls on the sacrum, moving it forward or backward-opposite of cranial movement.

29
Q

Sacroilial motions are for what?

*So sitting on butt, you’re having the sacrum move ON the ilium…so the seated flexion test is measuring sacral movement and blocking out ilium

A

The flexion tests

30
Q

How to treat Forward Torsion (L on L, R on R)

A

Modified Sims position, Axis side down, feet together and hanging off table as you hug the table

31
Q

How to treat Backward Torsion (L on R, R on L)

A

Lateral recumbent, Axis side down, one foot off the table and the other on the table, as you hug the table

32
Q

How to treat Unilateral Sacral Extension

A

Sphinx position, anterior/inferior force on sacral sulcus

33
Q

How to treat Unilateral Sacral Flexion

A

Prone, anterior/superior force on ILA

Doctor on SIDE OF DYSFUNCTION

34
Q

Seated flexion and pelvic compression being positive on OPPOSITE sides is a clue….only happens in TORSIONS

A

True

35
Q

Sacral sulci become MORE SYMMETRIC in the Sphinx test=anterior torsion or unilateral flexion

A

True

36
Q

2 muscle groups of pelvis

A

Levator ani

Coxxygius

OS2 (1 decks)

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