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ART HISTORY FINAL > 1 > Flashcards

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1
Q

animal style or interlace

A

Decoration made of interwoven animals or serpents, often found in early medieval Northern European art.

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2
Q

Archivolts

A

Curved moldings composed of the wedge-shaped stone voussoirs of the arch-frame the tympanum

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3
Q

baldachin

A

A canopy (whether suspended from the ceiling, projecting from a wall, or supported by columns) placed over an honorific or sacred space such as a throne or church altar.

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4
Q

Bodhisattvas

A

Person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion in order to save suffering beings.

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5
Q

brahma

A

embodies all of creation

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6
Q

Carolingian

A

Established dynasty by Charlemagne the great.

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7
Q

cathedral

A

Bishop’s administrative center, one for every bishop, one bishop for every town

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8
Q

chasing

A

Ornamentation made on metal by incising or hammering the surface.

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9
Q

chior

A

part of the church reserved for clergy, monks or nuns; either between transept crossing and apse or extending into the nave; separated by screens or walls

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10
Q

clerestory

A

the topmost zone of the wall with windows providing direct light into the nave

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11
Q

cloister

A

an enclosed space with an open top, often surrounded by an arcaded walkway with important monastic building right off of this space

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12
Q

cong

A

shape of bowl, made of jade

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13
Q

guang

A

ritual pouring vessel

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14
Q

Qin Laws

A

legalism

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15
Q

circle jade

A

heaven

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16
Q

Qi

A

“life’s movement”

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17
Q

dao

A

path of the world/universe

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18
Q

Daoism

A

emphasizes the close relationship between humans and nature

dao // “the way & the power”

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19
Q

Devaraja

A

“god-king”

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20
Q

flying buttress/buttress

A

A projecting support built against an external wall, usually to counteract the lateral thrust of a vault or arch within. In Gothic church architecture, a flying buttress is an arched bridge above the aisle roof that extends from the upper nave wall, where the lateral thrust of the main vault is greatest, down to a solid pier.

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21
Q

Gallery

A

Second level of church used for choir or viewing

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22
Q

garbhagrina

A

“womb chamber”

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23
Q

grisaile

A

Monochrome paintings in shades of grey.

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24
Q

halberd

A

weapon held by the terra cotta warriors to pull soldiers off horses, stab horses and victims

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25
Q

historiated capital

A

The sculpted block that tops a column. According to the conventions of the orders, capitals include different decorative elements (see order). A historiated capital is one displaying a figural composition and/or narrative scenes.

The element of the interior elevation of a church found directly below the clerestory and consisting of a series of arched openings in front of a passageway within the thickness of the wall.

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26
Q

iconography

A

identifying and studying conventional symbols in works of art

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27
Q

illumination

A

A painting on paper or parchment used as an illustration and/or decoration in a manuscript or album. Usually richly colored, often supplemented by gold and other precious materials. The artists are referred to as illuminators. Also: the technique of decorating manuscripts with such paintings.

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28
Q

Jambs

A

Vertical elements in a Romanesque portal

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29
Q

Junzi

A

gentleman

30
Q

Kami

A

Deities who the Kasuga shrine is dedicated.

31
Q

keep

A

The innermost and strongest structure or central tower of a medieval castle, sometimes used as living quarters, as well as for defense. Also called a donjon.

32
Q

Kondo

A

Golden hall in Horyuji Compound

33
Q

lakshanas

A

defining factors of Buddha; present in every Buddha figure; top-knot, urna, yogic pose, elongated lobes

34
Q

Lakshmi

A

female goddess (or energy) with vishnu

35
Q

lancet

A

A tall, narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch, typically found in Gothic architecture.

36
Q

lantern

A

A turretlike structure situated on a roof, vault, or dome, with windows that allow light into the space below.

37
Q

li and qi

A

idea and matter

38
Q

linga shrine

A

a place of worship centered around an object or lingam, which symbolizes Shiva’s power

39
Q

lingam

A

form of a phallus

40
Q

loggiaItalian

A

term for a gallery. Often used as a corridor between buildings or around a courtyard, a loggia usually features an arcade or colonnade

41
Q

mandapa

A

an open hall dedicated to ritual worship, in Hindu temples

42
Q

mandorla

A

Light encircling, or emanating from, the entire figure of a sacred person.

43
Q

module

A

A basic unit of construction (The bay)

44
Q

Mozarabic

A

Of an eclectic style practiced in Christian medieval Spain when much of the Iberian peninsula was ruled by Islamic dynasties.

45
Q

Pagoda

A

Towers associated with East Asian Buddhist temples.

46
Q

pictograph

A

a type of writing using only symbols to depict a person or object

47
Q

Pier

A

Bottom layer of Carolingian church used as mausoleum.

48
Q

pilgrimage church

A

a church that attracts visitors wishing to see the relics of the church and to attend services

49
Q

plate tracery

A

Stonework or woodwork forming a pattern in the open space of windows or applied to wall surfaces. In plate tracery, a series of openings are cut through the wall. In bar tracery, mullions divide the space into segments to form decorative patterns.

50
Q

portal

A

grand entrance, door, usually to an important public building and often decorated with sculptures

51
Q

quatrefoil

A

A four-lobed decorative pattern common in Gothic art and architecture.

52
Q

Quin

A

Name of the emperor who unified chinese empire.

53
Q

ren

A

Human Heartedness

54
Q

rib vault

A

a groin vault with decorative or structural ribs

55
Q

romanesque

A

in the roman manner

56
Q

Rose window

A

A round window, often filled with stained glass set into tracery patterns in the form of wheel spokes, found in the façades of the naves and transepts of large Gothic churches.

57
Q

rune stone

A

In early medieval northern Europe, a stone used as a commemorative monument and carved or inscribed with runes, a writing system used by early Germanic peoples.

58
Q

seal

A

red markers to indicate people who have owned the object or document, like a signature

59
Q

shikhara

A

shape of the northern-style temples; smooth representing the Himalayan

60
Q

Shinto

A

Japan’s indigenous religious belief system.

61
Q

spolia

A

Fragments of older architecture or sculpture reused in a secondary context. Latin for “hide stripped from an animal.”

62
Q

stave church

A

A Scandinavian wooden structure with four huge timbers (staves) at its core.

63
Q

stringcourse

A

horizontal band decorating the face of the outside wall and separating the levels of the church

64
Q

taiji

A

great, ultimate daoism

65
Q

taotie

A

dragon or animal-like mask (spiritual faces) commonly used as a decorative motif

66
Q

transept

A

arm of the cruciform church perpendicular to the nave; where it crosses the nave, it is called the crossing

67
Q

transverse arch

A

An arch that connects the wall piers on both sides of an interior space, up and over a stone vault.

68
Q

triforium

A

The element of the interior elevation of a church found directly below the clerestory and consisting of a series of arched openings in front of a passageway within the thickness of the wall.

69
Q

Trumeau

A

Central pier

70
Q

Tympanum

A

Semicircle directly over door in Romanesque church

71
Q

vimana

A

stair-like top on the southern-style temples

72
Q

westwork

A

The monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church. The exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers; the interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, and a series of galleries overlooking the nave.

ART HISTORY FINAL (2 decks)

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