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Question 1

Exocytosis

Answer 1

Exocytosis is a process in which an intracellular vesicle moves to the plasma membrane and subsequent fusion of the vesicular membrane and plasma membrane ensues. Many cellular processes involve exocytosis.

Question 2

Phagocytosis

Answer 2

In cell biology, phagocytosis meaning “cell”, and -osis, meaning “process”, is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome.

Question 3

Contractile vacuole

Answer 3

A contractile vacuole is a sub-cellular structure (organelle) involved in osmoregulation. It is found predominantly in protists and in unicellular algae. It was previously known as pulsatile or pulsating vacuole.

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

Question 5

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

is the process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.

Question 6

Carrier proteins

Answer 6

Channel proteins facilitate the diffusion of different molecules, while carrier proteins are involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.

Question 7

Plasmolysis

Answer 7

Plasmolysis is the process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution. The reverse process, cytolysis, can occur if the cell is in a hypotonic solution resulting in a lower external osmotic pressure and a net flow of water into the cell.

Question 8

Vesicle

Answer 8

fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particular

Question 9

Concentration gradient

Answer 9

The formal definition of concentration gradient is the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area of higher number of particles to an area of lower number of particles. The areas are typically separated by a membrane.

Question 10

Equilibrium

Answer 10

Every thing is equal

Question 11

Turgor pressure

Answer 11

Turgor pressure pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall of plant, bacteria, and fungi cells as well as those protist cells which have cell walls.

Question 12

Phagocyte

Answer 12

Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.

Question 13

Ion channel

Answer 13

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins whose functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume.

Question 14

Cytolysis

Answer 14

Cytolysis, or osmotic lysis, occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that has caused excess water to move into the cell.

Question 15

Isotonic

Answer 15

Stays the same in size

Question 16

Hypotonic

Answer 16

Reduces in size

Question 17

Hypertonic

Answer 17

Growing in size

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

Diffusion refers to the process by which molecules intermingle as a result of their kinetic energy of random motion. Consider two containers of gas A and B separated by a partition. The molecules of both gases are in constant motion and make numerous collisions with the partition.

Question 19

Passive transport

Answer 19

Passive transport is a movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.

Question 20

Active transport

Answer 20

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane in the direction against some gradient or other obstructing factor (often a concentration gradient).

Question 21

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 21

The process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrance is an active transport process

Question 22

Endocytosis

Answer 22

Endocytosis is a form of active transport in which a cell transports woa. molecules (such as proteins) into the cell (endo- + cytosis) by engulfing them in an energy-using process.

Question 23

Pinocytosis

Answer 23

In cellular biology, pinocytosis (pino- + cytosis), otherwise known as cell drinking, fluid endocytosis, and bulk-phase pinocytosis, is a mode of endocytosis in which small particles are brought into the cell, forming an invagination, and then suspended within small vesicles.