1 Flashcards
60% of slaves counted for population and taxable property
3/5 compromise
Addition or change
Amendment
People against the constitution (Hancock, S. Adams , Henry,ect)
Anti-Federalists
7 divisions of the constitution
Articles
The First Plan of government for USA: WEAK: NO POWER TO TAX; no Executive Powers, no interstate regulation, All
Equal Representation.
Articles of confederation (11/15/1777)
” limit government power by separation; 3 branches (legislative, executive, and judicial)”
Baron de Montesquieu
2 house legislature
Bicameral
Legal statement of protections
Bill of Rights
Proposed laws
Bills
Presidents formal group of advisors.
Cabinet
System keeps any one branch from gaining to much power.
Checks and balances
Agree to give up something to give up something.
Compromise
Plan of government
Constitution
55 state delegates meet to discuss a plan for government.
Constitutional convention May 1778
Powers given to the National (federal) government.
Delegated powers
A representative of a country or group.
Diplomat
what you MUST DO; requirements by law: obey laws/ pay taxes/ defend the nation/ serve in court/ attend school.
Duties
Business activity slows & unemployment rises.
Economic Depression
Necessary and proper Clause; congress has the power to make laws needed to carry out its other powers.
Elastic Clause
Representative from each state who select the president.
Electoral college
Branch with the power to carry-out/enforce (laws)
Executive
Division of power between national and state governments.
Federalism
People who favor the constitution; protégé of T. Jefferson.
James Madison
“Natural Rights of Man= life, liberty, property; government should protect those rights; if purpose isn’t fulfilled, people have the power to rebel”
John Locke
Branch that interprets laws & actions.
Judicial
Power to decide if laws and actions are constitutional. (Marbury v. Madison)
Judicial review
Plan for cutting up and selling new lands (MW Territory): townships 6x6 miles. 1/36=640 acres @ $1+ per acre; 1/36 $ reserved for public school.
Land ordinance 1785
Lawmaking branch
Legislative
The IDEA that we do not want a tyranny.
Limited government
Document that limited the power of a ruler; not even a king is above the law & people deserve jury trials.
Magna Carta (1215)
A plan favoring smaller/less populated states. Strong state governments; 3 branches;
1 house legislature; every state gets equal representation (1 vote each).
New Jersey Plan
Plan for governing the NW territory. 3-5 territories: 1gov+3judges appointed by congress; @5000 adult white males they could elect their own legislature @60,000 they could write a constitution and apply for statehood. Republic; religious freedom; NO SLAVERY.
Northwest ordinance (1786)
The people rule; people give the government power.
Popular Sovereignty
Introduction; 6 goals of our government: form a more perfect union; establish justice; insure domestic tranquility; provide for the common defense; promote general welfare; secure Liberty.
Preamble
An example of model to follow.
Precedent
Approve
Ratify
Representative democracy government
Republic
Powers kept/saved by the states.
Reserved powers
What you SHOULD DO: be informed/ vote/ respect others/ participate in government/ respect diversity.
Responsibilities
100 members total; equal representation (2 per state)
Senate
Dividing the government into 3 branches.
Separation of powers
Powers for both the states and federal government.
Shared powers
Daniel Shays & co. Try to save MA farms from foreclosure; it takes over 4 months for the MA militia to stop Shays.
Lesson: our government (A of C) is WEAK. Leads to constitutional convention.
The great compromise
Plan favoring big/heavily populated states: 3 branches; 2 houses both proportional representation; strong central government.
Virginia Plan
First test of the new constitution: Washington CRUSHES the 500 person revolt with 13,000 troops
Lesson: now our government is strong!
Whiskey Rebellion
