1 Flashcards
What are some features of Nephrotic Syndrome?
- Dependent subcutaneous oedema
- Pleural effusions
- hypercholesterolaemia
Acute onset of illness and death is a feature of enterotoxaemia in lambs due to Clostrdium perfringes type D. What is a common pathological feature of this disease in lambs?
Soft haemorrhagic kidney
What histopathological finding in the kidney is a diagnostic feature of acute lead poisoning?
Acid-fast intranuclear inclusion bodies of the tubular epithelium
What histopathological finding would be a diagnostic feature of acute nephrosis due to ingestion of plants containing oxalate?
Numerous crystals within the lumen of tubules
Why does anaemia occur in chronic renal failure?
There is reduced secretion of erythropoietin by the damaged kidneys
How would you best describe azotaemia?
Elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine with or without clinical signs
What causes Immune mediated glomerulonephritis
Deposition of immune complexes due to prolonged antigenaemia.
What are the gross and histophathological lesions associated with Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis?
Acutely gross lesions are subtle, with the kidneys slightly swollen, slightly pale with glomeruli visible as pinpoint red dots. Chronic gross lesions include shrinking, pitting, thin cortex and fibrosis.
Histologically there are 3 types. Proliferative = increased cellularity, membranous = thickened basement membrane and membranoproliferative = both
A kidney with glomerular amyloidosis that is treated with Lugols’ iodine treatment will look like….?
A kiwi fruit with glomeruli showing up as pinpoint black dots.
What is fanconi syndrome and what breed is predisposed?
A defect in tubular reabsorption which is inherited in besenji’s. Glucosuria, proteinuria and electrolites & bicarb in the urine can be seen.
Is regeneration of the kidney more likely follow toxic or ischaemic damage? Why?
The kidney is able to regenerate as long as the basement membrane is intact, which is far more likely in toxic damage rather than ischaemic.
What pigments are nephrotoxic?
haemoglobin and myoglobin
Name a disease in which ischaemic and toxic damage may occur concurrently.
Any haemolytic disease. Anaemia = low oxygen to the kidney, destruction of RBCs = high haemoglobin which is nephrotoxic. eg Babesiosis
What bacterium that may infect the kidney stains black with Warthin starry stain?
Leprospirosis
What is pyelonephritis?
Inflammation of the renal pelvis extending into the parenchyma. Commonly an ascending infection due to abnormal reflux of bacteria contaminated urine from LUT.
