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Bio exam 2-1 > 1 > Flashcards

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1
Q

Land plants are what kind of eukaryotes?

A

Multicellular photosynthetic

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2
Q

What characteristics or adaptations do terrestrial living plants have that distinguish them from algae?

A

reproductive, structural, and chemical adaptations

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3
Q

Land plants have a _______ that is retained and protected for some time by the parent.

A

embryo

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4
Q

The parent tissues provide nutrients to the embryo and…

A

protect the embryo from desiccation (drying out)

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5
Q

Light and CO2 are found above ground while mineral and water are found mainly in the

A

Soil

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6
Q

In plants there are many structural and functional differences between_________ and ___________

A

subterranean and aerial organs.

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7
Q

Most plants have a

A

vascular system

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8
Q

The aerial parts of most plants have a waxy coating

A

called a cuticle that reduces water loss

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9
Q

Most land plants have stomata. True or false

A

True

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10
Q

What type of life cycle do land plants have?

A

haplodiplontic

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11
Q

Within the life cycle of a plant there are multicellular stages that are ______ and multicellular stages that are _______.

A

diploid and haploid

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12
Q

Both haploid and diploid cells can divide by

A

Mitotsis

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13
Q

What adaptation distinguish land plants from their algal ancestors?

A

An embryo stage in their life cycle

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14
Q

Bryophytes are non-vascular plants which are

A

mosses

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15
Q

Tracheophytes are vascular plant and they can be seedless or have seeds. True or False

A

True

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16
Q

Bryophytes include what type of plants?

A

mosses, liverworts, and hornwarts

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17
Q

What do most bryophytes lack… And what is the dominant generation?

A

vascular tissues…gametophyte (n)

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18
Q

Gametophyte (n) is:

A

leaflike structures stemlike axis rhizoids

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19
Q

Rhizoids consist of several cells that…

A

anchor the moss to a substrate and absorb little water.

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20
Q

Mosses reproduction structures are the

A

archegonium and antheridium

21
Q

The archegonium is:

A

a multicellular structure that produces the egg

22
Q

The antheridium is:

A

a multicellular sperm producing structure.

23
Q

what are the sperm from the antheridium get to the egg in the archegonium?

A

The sperm swim

24
Q

The zygote that results from fertilization develops into a…

A

sporophyte

25
Q

The sporophyt is not ________ and depends on the ________.

A

photosynthetic

gametophyte

26
Q

The sporangium produces spore mother cells (2n) that undergo…

A

meiosis to form spores.

27
Q

Mosses are common in humid areas and are the most abundant plants in the….

A

Arctic tundra

28
Q

Biological soil crusts typically consist of a mixture of organisms including _______, ________, ________, and heterotrophic microorganisms.

A

mosses, lichens, algae, cyanobacteria

29
Q

What do biological soil crusts reduce?

what does sphagnum peat moss do?

A

soil erosion and increase soil fertility

addendum that improves water retention

30
Q

In hepaticophyta (liverworts) the gametophytes tend to be ______ and the rhizoids are __________.

A

flat…one celled.

31
Q

For sexual reproduction of liverworts, like mosses the sporophyte is…?
Fore asexual reproduction the gemmae are…?

A

Non-photosynthetic

fragments of the gametophyte that are dispersed by raindrops.

32
Q

Most liverworts live in …?

A

tropical forests

33
Q

ANthocerotophyt (hornworts) the gametophyt is similar to that of a…?

A

liverworts (flat)

34
Q 
The sporophyte (hornworts) is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and has \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
The sporophyte is still...?
A

photosynthetic and has stomata and cuticle

dependent on the gametophyte and is not free living

35
Q

How many species of seedless vascular plants are there ?

What period did they dominate in?

A

15,000 living species, 2 phyla

carboniferous period

36
Q

The most extensive coal deposits are derived from seedless vascular plants that grew during the…?

A

carboniferous period

37
Q

Lycophyt are _______? and Pterophyta are _________, ________, and __________?

A

Club mosses

Ferns, whisk Fern, Horsetails

38
Q

In seedless vascular plants the ________ is the dominant generations.

A

sporophyte

39
Q

The sporophyte generation in seedless vascular plants has …?
The aerial portions of the sporophyte are covered by a…?
The sperm have…?

A

vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
cuticle and stomata
flagella

40
Q 
The lycophytes (club mosses have sporophyte (2n) which means has a photosynthetic microphylls (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
Where do the sporangia form?
That happens in the structure of the sporangium?
A

(leaves with one vein)
at the end of the stems
meiosis occurs and haploid develop

41
Q

Unlike bryophytes, lycophytes have…?

A

well developed vascular tissues

42
Q

Pterophyta the sporangium produces spore mother cells (2n) that undergo meiosis to form…?

A

spores (n)

43
Q

In most pterophyta (ferns), each spore produces a bisexual …?
the gametophyte is..?

A

gametophyte (n) with archegonia and antheridia

photosynthetic

44
Q

for the pterophyta the sperm swim to the eggs and fertilization leads to the development of an ________, which grows into another ______(sporophyte).

A

embryo…fern

45
Q

A few ferns are ________? and they produce what two types of spores?

the heterosporous condition is important in the…?

A

heterosporous megaspores and microspores

evolution of seeds

46
Q

For Pterophyta ferns most have megaphylls which means…?

In Asexual reproduction the Rhyzomes are

A

branched system of veins (more than one vein)

underground stems

47
Q

Pterophyta habitats consist of…?

What does cyanobacteria do??

A

tropics, temperate climates and even deserts
(resurrection fern)

converts N2 into NH3. It is present in rice paddies.

48
Q

Pterophyt (whisk ferns) lack…?

an underground stem ((rhizomes) develop a symbiotic relationship with…?

For horsetails the stems are _______?

The sporangia form at the tip of the…?

A

leaves or these structures or are very reduced

mycorrhizae

Photosynthetic

reproductive stems

49
Q

Land plants evolved form a species of…

A

Charoophytes

Bio exam 2-1 (1 decks)

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