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History Of The Mind > 1 > Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Positron Emission Tomography? (Pet Scan)

A

Is a visual display of the brain activity that detects a radioactive form of glucose while the brain performs a given task.

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2
Q

What is a refractory period?

A

A period of inactivity after a neuron has fired.

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3
Q

What is the Medulla?

A

Is at the base of the brain stem that controls heartbeat and breathing.

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4
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

Is a Nerve network in the brain stem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.

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5
Q

What are Motor Neurons?

A

Carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands.

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6
Q

What is overconfidence?

A

We think we more know than we actually know.

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7
Q

What is the Hypothalamus?

A

Lies below the thalamus. It directs several maintenance activities like eating, drinking, body temperature, and control of emotions. It helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland.

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8
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A

Is the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brain stem. It directs messages to the sensory areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

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9
Q

What are humanistic theories?

A

Personality theories that focus on the potential for healthy personal growth.

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10
Q

What is a theory?

A

Is an explanation that integrates principles and organizes and predicts behavior or events.

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11
Q

What is an hypothesis?

A

Is a testable prediction, often promoted by a theory, to enable us to accept, reject, or revise a theory

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12
Q

What does the Peripheral Nervous System consist of? (PNS)

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

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13
Q

What does GABA do? What is its full name? What happens if it’s is undersupply?

A

A major inhibitor neurotransmitter. Gamma-Aminobutyric acid. Undersupply: Seizure

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14
Q

What is the idea of functionalism

A

Focused on purpose of consciousness and idea of individuality, influenced the education system. Critiqued the use of introspection in structuralism

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15
Q

What are the adrenal glands?

A

A pair of glands above the kidney that secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress.

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16
Q

What is a Myelin Sheath?

A

A fatty tissue later segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons.

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17
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A molecule that binds to the receptor site to stimulate a response.

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18
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

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19
Q

What is community psychology?

A

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

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20
Q

What is Cognitive Psychology?

A

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

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21
Q

What is psychoanalysis?

A

Freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts.

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22
Q

What is applied research?

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

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23
Q

What is rumination?

A

Compulsive fretting.

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24
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection.

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25
Q

What is counseling psychology?

A

A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being.

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26
Q

What does the Automatic Nervous System do?

A

Part of the PNS that controls glands and other muscles.

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27
Q

What is an axon?

A

The neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands

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28
Q

Who created Theory of Evolution and Survival of the Fittest

A

Charles Darwin

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29
Q

The body’s information system is built from billions of interconnected cells called

A

Neurons

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30
Q

What is computed tomography? (CT)

A

A series of X-Ray photographs taken from different angles and combines into a composite representation of a slice of the brains structure.

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31
Q

What is a somatic symptom disorder?

A

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a bodily form without apparent physical cause.

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32
Q

What is accommodation?

A

Adapting our current understanding to incorporate new information

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33
Q

In the 1800’s Who suggested that bumps of the scull represented mental abilities

A

Fraz Gall

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34
Q

What is the lambic system?

A

Is a doughnut shoes system of Neural structures at the border of the brain stem and cerebrum, associated with emotions such as fear, aggression, and drives for food and sex. Includes the Hippocampus, Amygdala, Pituitary Gland, and Hypothalamus.

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35
Q

What is a brain lesion?

A

Experimentally destroying brain tissue to study animals behavior after such destruction.

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36
Q

What is the Biological Perspective

A

Suggest that most behavior is inherited and has an adaptive or evolutionary function

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37
Q

What is mania?

A

A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

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38
Q

What is Glutamate? What happens if oversupply

A

A Major excitatory Neurotransmitter involved in memory. Oversupply: causes migraines.

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39
Q

Who influenced concept of structuralism, created psychology lab and intimated the study of cognitive development

A

Whilhel Wundt

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40
Q

What idea did Mary Whiton Calkins

A

Focused psychology around conscious self and sought to promote gender equality

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41
Q

What does Norepinephrine do?what happens if you have an undersupply of it

A

Helps control alertness and arousal. Undersupply: depression

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42
Q

What is Psychodynamic Psychology?

A

A branch of of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

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43
Q

What is median?

A

The middle score in a ranked-ordered distribution.

44
Q

Explain Nature vs Nurture

A

Nature is what you naturally inherit as in the genetic makeup. Nurture consist of the environment and surrounding that can influence an individual after conception

45
Q

What is a dentrite

A

A neurons bushy, branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.

46
Q

What is the brain stem?

A

Is the oldest part of the brain; beginning where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions.

47
Q

What are authoritarian parents?

A

Parents that impose rules and expect obedience.

48
Q

What is habituation?

A

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.

49
Q

What is Psychiatry?

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practices by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.

50
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Fear or avoidance of situations where one has felt loss of control and panic.

51
Q

What is reuptake?

A

A neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by sending neurons

52
Q

What is the cerebellum?

A

Is the “Little Brain” attached to the rear of the brain stem. It helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance. Enables nonverbal learning and memory.

53
Q

What is hindsight bias?

A

The tendency to believe, after leaning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. I knew it all along phenomenon.

54
Q

What is a threshold?

A

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.

55
Q

What is behavioral psychology

A

The scientific study of observable behavior, and it’s acclamation by principles of learning.

56
Q

What are psychodynamic theories?

A

View personality with a focus on the unconscious and importance of childhood experiences

57
Q

What is basic research?

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

58
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands. Travel through the blood stream and affect other tissues.

59
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The body’s ultimate control and information processing center

60
Q

What is mode?

A

The most frequent occurring score in a distribution.

61
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A chemical messenger that crossed the synaptic gap between neurons.

62
Q

What is a Magnetic Resonance imaging? (MRI)

A

Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images that distinguish among different types of brain tissue.

63
Q

What does Acetylcholine do? (ACH)

A

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory.

64
Q

What does the Central Nervous system consist of? (CNS)

A

The Brain and the Spinal Cord

65
Q

What is an ElectroencePhalogram? (EEG)

A

An amplified recording of the electrical waves sweeping across the brain’s surface, measured by electrodes places on the scalp.

66
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.

67
Q

What is schema?

A

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

68
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.

69
Q

What does dopamine do?(Meal)

A

Influences movement, learning, attention and emotion

70
Q

What is developmental psychology?

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change through the life span.

71
Q

What are endorphins?

A

Natural opiate like neurotransmitter’s linked to pain control and to pleasure.

72
Q

Who established and Founded structuralism

A

Edward Tichener

73
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A molecule that binds to a receptor site and inhibits or blacks a response.

74
Q

What are glial cells?

A

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons.

75
Q

The order of the Biopsychosocial

A
  1. Cellular Level (Interconnected Neurons)
  2. Organ Level (Brain)
  3. System Level (information Processing)
  4. Individual Level (Human Being)
  5. Group Level (Family)
  6. Ethnic Level (Culture)
  7. Community Level (Society)
76
Q

What is Social psychology?

A

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

77
Q

What does Serotonin do?

A

Affects moods, hunger, sleep, and arousal

78
Q

What does the division of the Parasympathetic system do?

A

Calms the body and conserves its energy.

79
Q

What is the Somatic Nervous System?

A

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles.

80
Q

What does division of sympathetic system do?

A

Arouses the body and mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.

81
Q

What is a bounce blind procedure?

A

In evaluating drip therapies, patients and experiments assistants should remain unaware of which patients have the real treatment and which had the placebo.

82
Q

What is Psychometrics?

A

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

83
Q

What is Positive Psychology?

A

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goal of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

84
Q

What are Sensory Neurons?

A

Incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS.

85
Q

What is range?

A

Difference between highest and lowest.

86
Q

What is the Social Culture perspective

A

Suggest that human behavior is influenced/ affected by environment

87
Q

What is a neuron?

A

A nerve cell; this if building block of the nervous system.

88
Q

What is the action potential?

A

A neural impulse.

89
Q

Who understand that humans and animals operated similarly when processing information

A

Neurobiologist and Investigators

90
Q

What is the Amygdala?

A

Consist of two almond shaped neural clusters linked to the emotions of fear and anger.

91
Q

What are authoritative parents?

A

Parents that are both demanding and responsive.

92
Q

What is educational psychology?

A

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.

93
Q

What is the idea structuralism

A

Focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components and doing so through introspection

94
Q

What is plasticity?

A

The brains ability to change

95
Q

What is scientific attitude?

A

Composed of curiosity, skepticism, and humility.

96
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schema.

97
Q

What is the medulla?

A

Base of brain stem controls heartbeat and breathing.

98
Q

What is the all or none response?

A

A neurons reaction of either firing or not firing.

99
Q

What is Clinical Psychology?

A

A branch of psychology that studies assesses, and treated people with psychological disorders.

100
Q

Who opposed structuralism and created functionalism and presented theory of emotion

A

William James

101
Q

What is the Nervous system?

A

Consists of all the nerve cells . Is the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system.

102
Q

What is random assignment?

A

Is assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by random assignment minimizes pre-existing difference between 2 groups.

103
Q

What is mean?

A

The Average of all the scores.

104
Q

What is industrial-organizational psychology?

A

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

105
Q

What is the psychological perspective

A

The result of a synthesis of cognitive and behavioral psychological theories

History Of The Mind (2 decks)

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