1-4: Macromolecules Flashcards
DNA
A
The monomer of Protein &
Covalent Bond Name
Amino Acid
Peptide
The monomer of Nucleic Acid &
Covalent Bond Name
Nucleotide
Phospodiester Bond
The monomer of Carbohydrate &
Covalent Bond Name
Monosaccharides
Glycosidic Bond
The monomer of Lipids &
Covalent Bond Name
Fatty Acids
Ester Linkage
Organic Molecules
contain at least one C-H Bond
Inorganic Molecules
No C-H Bonds
D. Lipids
Proteins
C. Carboxyl Group
The carboxyl group on one amino acid is covalently linked to the amio acid on a second amino acid
Nucleic Acids
has a Deoxyribose Sugar
A, C, T, G
One less Oxygen
Directionality of Carbohydrates
Directionality of carbohydrates
4’ end of the incoming monomer is added to the 1’ end of the 1st monosaccharide
Lipids
B. The Polymer has two chemically distinct ends
In what direction are proteins polymerized?
Asymmetrical Monomer Polarity
Monomers in macromolecules have different ends with distinct properties.
Example: DNA nucleotides have a 5’ end (phosphate) and a 3’ end (sugar)
Macromolecule Directionality
The order or orientation of monomers in a biological macromolecule.
Example: DNA strands run in opposite directions (5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5
What are Functional Groups and why are they important?
Molecule Building Blocks:
They’re like the building blocks of big molecules. Functional groups in one molecule can stick to functional groups in another, forming bonds that connect the building blocks.
Directional Signposts:
Functional groups hep molecules know which way is up. For example, in DNA, they show which end is which, like the start and stop signs on a road.
Sticking Together:
Functional groups can attract or repel each other, and they do this without forming permanent bonds (non-covalent interactions). These interactions help molecules fold into the right shapes and stick to other molecules when needed.
