1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the least likely scientific factor in antimicrobial therapy?
A
KNOWING THE CLIENT
2
Q
A Rx with lower MIC values are better choices for TX. T or F?
A
TRUE
3
Q
Pure culture of bacteria is critical for obtaining accurate antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. T or F?
A
TRUE
4
Q
What does Kirby Bauer NOT measure?
A
MIC
5
Q
Gram + bacT retain the color of primary stain and gram - bacT pick up color of counterstain. T or F?
A
TRUE
6
Q
Which of the following processes is the least likely virulence mechanism in a bacteria?
A
BACTERIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION BY RIBOSOMES
7
Q
DNA sequence analysis of this structure is widely used in bacterial phylogenic analysis:
A
RIBOSOME (protein syntheses)
8
Q
Production of protein is called:
A
TRANSLATION
9
Q
Cell wall component unique to bacteria?
A
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
10
Q
Cell wall component unique to gram positive bacT?
A
TEICHOIC ACID
11
Q
Cell wall component unique to gram negative bacT?
A
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
12
Q
Gram positive staining in some bacteria is due to the presence of a:
A
THIC PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER
13
Q
Acid fast staining in Mycobacteria is due to the presence of:
A
MYCOLIC ACID
14
Q
A disease can be diagnosed by identifying the infectious agent and the host immune response to that agent. T or F?
A
TRUE
15
Q
Humoral response is measured by screening for:
A
ANTIBODIES
16
Q
Ability of a test to accurately identify an infected animal as positive:
A
SENSITIVITY
17
Q
Ability of a test to accurately identify a non-infected animal as a negative:
A
SPECIFICITY
18
Q
An ELISA was used to screen 2 cattle herds for the pretense of John’s Disease. Herd A prevalence was 80percent, Herd B prevalence was 15percent. The positive predictive value of this test is much higher in which herd? A or B?
A
HERD A - the higher the prevalence, the higher predictive value
19
Q
Which of the following is not an appropriate practice in sample collection and transport:
A
IN SYRINGE SHIPPED TO LAB WITH NEEDLE STILL ATTACHED
20
Q
A bacteria which uses host actin filaments to travel between cells:
A
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
21
Q
In general, Rx’s w/ lower MIC values are better choices for TX. T or F?
A
TRUE
22
Q
Rhodococcus equip is an obligate intracellular pathogen. T or F?
A
FALSE, its facultative
23
Q
Which is incorrect about listeriosis in ruminants?
A
HEPATIC NECROSIS IS THE MAIN LESION IN ADULT ANIMALS.»_space;> this happens in YOUNG animals, not adults.
24
Q
Toxin & capsule are required for the virulence of bacillus anthrax. T or F?
A
TRUE
25
McFadden staining reaction is used to detect:
CAPSULE OF ANTHRAX BACILLI
26
This pig will most likely have an infection by:
ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE
27
Which will be least likely scientific factor to be considered regarding antimicrobial therapy?
KNOW THE CLIENT
28
Capsule of anthrax bacillus is composed of a polysaccharide. T or F?
FALSE
29
Positive antibody tigers to phosphate D exotoxins of C. pseudo tuberculosis is diagnostic for caseous lymphadenitis. T or F?
FALSE, you'll need to do more than one titter in 2-3 week intervals
30
Anthrax is a contagious disease. T or F?
FALSE, it is an infectious disease.
31
The most common staphylococcus isolates from dogs belong to the species:
S. PSEUDOINTERMEDIUS - "grape-like" clusters
32
Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep is caused by:
C. PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS
33
C. pseudo tuberculosis in sheep is a contagious disease. T or F?
TRUE
34
In avirulent forms of bacillus anthrax presence of toxin is essential for protective immune response. T or F?
TRUE
35
Beta Lactam antimicrobials include:
Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Carbapenems, and Monobactams
36
Mechanism of action: Beta Lactams
INHIBIT PEPTIDOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS
| INDUCE AUTOLYSIS
37
What do gram positive cocci look like?
GRAPE LIKE CLUSTERS, PURPLE/BLUE IN COLOR
38
Their natural habitat is skin and mucous membranes:
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
39
What is coagulate?
ENZYME WHICH CONVERT FIBRINOGEN TO FIRBIN
40
Emphysema in guttural pouch is most commonly caused by:
STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI
41
Chronic persistence relapsing infections of Staphylococcus:
PYOGRANULOMATOS INFECTIONS
42
Toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcus enterotoxin, and scalded skin syndrome:
SUPERSANTIGENS
43
What are the issues associated with PCR in diagnosis staphylococcus skin infections?
CONTAMINAITON
44
What isolate of staphylococcus cause "greasy pig disease" ?
S. HYICUS
45
What isolate of staphylococcus cause mastitis in cows?
S. AUREUS
46
Bumble foot and ulcerative pododermatitis are caused by:
S. AUREUS
47
Cephalexin
NUMBER ONE TX FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTIONS
48
If we get erythromycin resistance to Staphylococcus, what should we assume also has resistance?
CLINDIMYCIN
49
To confirm clindamycin resistance, we would send out for what kind of test?
D-TEST
50
Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains:
Streptococcus
51
Streptococcus is a facultative anaerobe. T or F?
TRUE
52
Enterococcus is a facultative anaerobe that is resistant to 6.5% NaCl, bile salts. T or F?
FALSE
53
Streptokinase:
ENZYME USED IN HEART ATTACK P TO BREAK CLOT
54
Streptococcus equip:
STRANGLES
55
What species is Streptococcus canis found in?
DOGS AND CATS
56
What species is Streptococcus uberis found in?
CATTLE -- CAUSES CLINICAL MASTITIS
57
S. canis in dogs and cats infects what areas?
NASAL AND GENITAL TRACT -- INFECTS BABIES
58
What type of location is Streptococcus can is (flesh eating) usually found?
SHELTERS
59
What species does Streptococcus suis infect?
SWINE -- WEANLINGS AND GROWING PIGS
60
Why is Streptococcus suis important in veterinary medicine?
BECAUSE IT IS HIGHLY ZOONOTIC AND CAUSES MENINGITIS IN HUMANS
61
Streptococcus iniae importance:
INFECTS FISH -- FISHERMEN HANDLING FISH WITH BARE HANDS -- ZOONOTIC!
62
Streptococcus porcinus is similar to strangles, but what does it cause in pigs?
JOWL ABSCESS
63
Streptococcus equi: the capsule is for...
PREVENTING PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INCREASES VIRULENCE
64
Strangles usually affects _______________, but all ages are susceptible.
TWO YEAR OLDS AND YOUNGER
65
What are the two cellular virulence factors for S. equi?
HYALURONIC ACID CAPSULE
66
Strangles in horse starts as...
RESPIRATORY INFECTION
67
Strangles transmission can be:
DIRECT OR INDIRECT
68
Strangles: you can prevent abscess formation if you:
CATCH THE RESPIRATORY DISEASE
69
S. equip can be carried in the guttural pouch for up to________ months.
5-7 MONTHS
70
To culture for strangles:
NASAL SAWB/LAVAGE, 3 NEG AT WEEKLY INTERVALS AND TEST GUTERAL POUCH 30DAYS AFTER RECOVERY
71
ELISA is not recommended as a diagnostic tool for strangles. T or F?
TRUE
72
What is the best test for strangles?
PCR - M protein gene target
73
_________: seen in urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. Hard to treat. Colonizers and is resistant to many antimicrobials.
ENTEROCOCCUS
74
What are the 3 gram positive cocci?
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
ENTEROCOCCUS
75
Small, gram positive, facultative anaerobic rods. Can grow at a wide range of temperature (4-44C). Infect food/pasteurized food products:
LISTERIA
76
Listeria is resistant to:
HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
77
Listeria is a sporadic disease in animals. T or F?
TRUE
78
What is the most common Listeria spp?
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
79
This listeria spp can survive and replicate when inside of a macrophage.
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
80
Listeria is a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. T or F?
TRUE
81
Listeria is carried in the GI tract of animals. T or F?
TRUE
82
The pathogenesis of Listeria:
INVASIVE: ENTERS BLOOD STREAM
83
Listeria are a facultative intracellular bacteria. Intracellular growth leads to:
CELL DEATH AND FOCAL MICROABSCESSES
84
What are the types of listeria presentations we will see as veterinarians?
ENCEPHALITIS
ABORTION
SEPTICEMIA
85
This presentation of listeria is the most common in ruminants. Bacteria invade through oral mucosa and travel via trigeminal n. and have affinity for brainstem.
ENCEPHALITIS
86
What are the 3 important virulence factors of Listeria?
INTERNALIN
LISTERIOLYSIS O
ACT A
87
L. monocytogenes uses host _______ ________ to travel between cells.
ACTIN FILAMENTS
88
What is the advantage for the bacteria to use host actin filaments to travel between cells?
THEY CAN GET AWAY FROM THE HOSTS ANTIBODIES/IMMUNE SYSTEM
89
Unilateral facial paralysis via trigeminal n. is related to
L. MONOCYTOGENES
90
An eye infection via the vague n. can be from listeria infection. T or F?
TRUE
91
To diagnose Listeria, what would you send out to the lab?
LISTERIA ENRICHMENT CULTURE OF BRAINSTEM
92
Therapy for listeria: in livestock? In small animal or valuable animal?
LIVESTOCK- CULL
| SMALL ANIMAL/VALUABLE ANIMAL- TX W/ HIGH DOSES OF PENICILLIN
93
A disease outcome in any case, such as Listeria, depends on these 4 things:
NUMBER OF ORGANISMS EXPOSED TO
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
VIRULENCE OF STRAIN
IMMUNE STATUS OF HOST
94
There is control via vaccines for Listeria. T or F?
FALSE! CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY IS IMPORTANT
95
Avoiding foods such as, poor quality silage, unpasteurized dairy products, processed meats and uncooked vegetables ---- for which bacteria?
LISTERIA
96
Small, non-sporeforming, gram positive rod bacteria:
ERYSIPELOTHRIOX SPP.
97
What is the most common Erysipelothrix spp.?
E. RHEUSIOPATHIAE
98
Erysipelothrix rheusiopathiae is most common in what species?
PIGS AND SOME BIRDS
99
Erysipelothrix tonsillarum is less common, not virulent in pigs, and has been associated with disease in dogs. T or F?
TRUE!
100
What percentage of healthy swine harbor Erysipelothrix organism in their tonsils or other lymphoid tissue, and occasionally shed the organism in their feces.
30-50%
101
What age of swine are most susceptible to Erysipelothrix?
FROM 3 MONTHS - 1 YEAR
102
Transmission of Erysipelothrix is usually orally, but organism may enter through skin abrasions. T or F?
TRUE
103
What is responsible for the typical diamond shaped lesions?
NEURAMINIDASE
104
The heat liable capsule resists ________ by neutrophils.
PHAGOCYTOSIS
105
Most common disease/cause of death with Eyrsipelothrix:
VEGETATIVE ENDOCARDITIS
106
Diagnosis of Erysipelothrix:
CULTURE SPLEEN, LIVER, OR HEART
ANTIMICROBIAL TX
CULL CHRONIC ANIMALS
VACCINATE USING LIVE ATTENUATED AND BACTERIN
107
What is the most important Bacillus spp?
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
108
Bacillus are facultative bacteria. T or F?
TRUE
109
Bacillus anthracis is easy to identify at culture because it presents in 2 ways:
IN PLATE SPORES FROM CENTER
| UNDER MICROSCOPE IT LOOKS LIKE LITTLE SQUARES MAKING A CHAIN
110
Anthrax looks similar to medusa's hair in plate. T or F?
TRUE
111
Virulence factors for B. anthracis:
CAPSULE (D GLUTAMIC ACID)
ANTHRAX TOXIN- 3 PROTEINS
(EDEMA, LETHAL, PROCTECTIVE)
112
Anthrax capsules can been seen with McFaed. stain? T or F?
TRUE
113
What are the 3 toxins that make up anthrax Tripartite Toxin?
EDEMA FACTOR - PATHOGEN/ENZYME
LETHAL FACTOR - PATHOGEN/ENZYME
PROTECTIVE FACTOR - BIDING PORTION
114
Anthrax can live in the soil after an animal dies. This is why we burry bodies so deep. We do not want spores. T or F?
TRUE
115
What is the main route of infection for anthrax?
INHILATION OR INGESTION OF SPORES
116
What are 2 postmortem signs that give a hint that the animal may be infected with anthrax?
NO RIGOR MORTIS
| HUGE SPLEEN
117
Do you have to report anthrax?
YES
118
As soon as organism is exposed to air it....
SPORULATES
119
This bacteria appears to look like "Chinese writing"
CORYNEBACTERIUM SPP.
120
Corynebacterium renale group is responsible for what disease in cattle?
CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PYLONEPHRITIS
| VIA TRAUMA TO BLADDER OR URETHRA DUE TO CALVING OR AI
121
Corynebacterium pseudo tuberculosis causes what disease in sheet and goats?
CASEOUS LYMPHADENITIS
122
Nitrate-reducing biotype of Corynebacterium pseudo tuberculosis in horses is known as...
PIGEON FEVER
123
What is the main virulence factor with C. pseudotubuculosis?
EXOTOXIN PHOSPHOLIPASE D
124
Corynebacterium Bevis causes what in mice?
HYPERKERATOSIS
125
Is rhodococcus equip a cocci?
NO, ROD SHAPED
126
Rhodococcus equi causes what disease in horses?
FOAL PNEUMONIA
127
If you do necropsy on a horse infected with Rhodococcus equi, what will you find?
LARGE NODULES ON LUNGS
128
Ulcerative entercolitis can also occur with R. equi infection. T or F?
TRUE
129
Nocardia is responsible for skin lesions and ear infections. T or F?
TRUE
130
Nocardia can appear as rods, cocci, or cocobacilli forms. T or F?
TRUE
131
What is the most common isolate of Nocardia in dogs and cats?
NOCARDIA ASTEROIDES
132
N. asteroids in cattle is known as...
BOVINE FARCY
133
Maspectromty is used for diagnosis if Nocardia. T or F?
TRUE
