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BacT Exam 1 > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the least likely scientific factor in antimicrobial therapy?

A

KNOWING THE CLIENT

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2
Q

A Rx with lower MIC values are better choices for TX. T or F?

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Pure culture of bacteria is critical for obtaining accurate antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. T or F?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What does Kirby Bauer NOT measure?

A

MIC

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5
Q

Gram + bacT retain the color of primary stain and gram - bacT pick up color of counterstain. T or F?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Which of the following processes is the least likely virulence mechanism in a bacteria?

A

BACTERIAL PROTEIN PRODUCTION BY RIBOSOMES

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7
Q

DNA sequence analysis of this structure is widely used in bacterial phylogenic analysis:

A

RIBOSOME (protein syntheses)

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8
Q

Production of protein is called:

A

TRANSLATION

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9
Q

Cell wall component unique to bacteria?

A

PEPTIDOGLYCAN

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10
Q

Cell wall component unique to gram positive bacT?

A

TEICHOIC ACID

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11
Q

Cell wall component unique to gram negative bacT?

A

LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE

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12
Q

Gram positive staining in some bacteria is due to the presence of a:

A

THIC PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER

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13
Q

Acid fast staining in Mycobacteria is due to the presence of:

A

MYCOLIC ACID

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14
Q

A disease can be diagnosed by identifying the infectious agent and the host immune response to that agent. T or F?

A

TRUE

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15
Q

Humoral response is measured by screening for:

A

ANTIBODIES

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16
Q

Ability of a test to accurately identify an infected animal as positive:

A

SENSITIVITY

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17
Q

Ability of a test to accurately identify a non-infected animal as a negative:

A

SPECIFICITY

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18
Q

An ELISA was used to screen 2 cattle herds for the pretense of John’s Disease. Herd A prevalence was 80percent, Herd B prevalence was 15percent. The positive predictive value of this test is much higher in which herd? A or B?

A

HERD A - the higher the prevalence, the higher predictive value

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19
Q

Which of the following is not an appropriate practice in sample collection and transport:

A

IN SYRINGE SHIPPED TO LAB WITH NEEDLE STILL ATTACHED

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20
Q

A bacteria which uses host actin filaments to travel between cells:

A

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

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21
Q

In general, Rx’s w/ lower MIC values are better choices for TX. T or F?

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Rhodococcus equip is an obligate intracellular pathogen. T or F?

A

FALSE, its facultative

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23
Q

Which is incorrect about listeriosis in ruminants?

A

HEPATIC NECROSIS IS THE MAIN LESION IN ADULT ANIMALS.&raquo_space;> this happens in YOUNG animals, not adults.

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24
Q

Toxin & capsule are required for the virulence of bacillus anthrax. T or F?

A

TRUE

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25
Q

McFadden staining reaction is used to detect:

A

CAPSULE OF ANTHRAX BACILLI

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26
Q

This pig will most likely have an infection by:

A

ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE

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27
Q

Which will be least likely scientific factor to be considered regarding antimicrobial therapy?

A

KNOW THE CLIENT

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28
Q

Capsule of anthrax bacillus is composed of a polysaccharide. T or F?

A

FALSE

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29
Q

Positive antibody tigers to phosphate D exotoxins of C. pseudo tuberculosis is diagnostic for caseous lymphadenitis. T or F?

A

FALSE, you’ll need to do more than one titter in 2-3 week intervals

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30
Q

Anthrax is a contagious disease. T or F?

A

FALSE, it is an infectious disease.

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31
Q

The most common staphylococcus isolates from dogs belong to the species:

A

S. PSEUDOINTERMEDIUS - “grape-like” clusters

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32
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep is caused by:

A

C. PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS

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33
Q

C. pseudo tuberculosis in sheep is a contagious disease. T or F?

A

TRUE

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34
Q

In avirulent forms of bacillus anthrax presence of toxin is essential for protective immune response. T or F?

A

TRUE

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35
Q

Beta Lactam antimicrobials include:

A

Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Carbapenems, and Monobactams

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36
Q

Mechanism of action: Beta Lactams

A

INHIBIT PEPTIDOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS

INDUCE AUTOLYSIS

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37
Q

What do gram positive cocci look like?

A

GRAPE LIKE CLUSTERS, PURPLE/BLUE IN COLOR

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38
Q

Their natural habitat is skin and mucous membranes:

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS

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39
Q

What is coagulate?

A

ENZYME WHICH CONVERT FIBRINOGEN TO FIRBIN

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40
Q

Emphysema in guttural pouch is most commonly caused by:

A

STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI

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41
Q

Chronic persistence relapsing infections of Staphylococcus:

A

PYOGRANULOMATOS INFECTIONS

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42
Q

Toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcus enterotoxin, and scalded skin syndrome:

A

SUPERSANTIGENS

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43
Q

What are the issues associated with PCR in diagnosis staphylococcus skin infections?

A

CONTAMINAITON

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44
Q

What isolate of staphylococcus cause “greasy pig disease” ?

A

S. HYICUS

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45
Q

What isolate of staphylococcus cause mastitis in cows?

A

S. AUREUS

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46
Q

Bumble foot and ulcerative pododermatitis are caused by:

A

S. AUREUS

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47
Q

Cephalexin

A

NUMBER ONE TX FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTIONS

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48
Q

If we get erythromycin resistance to Staphylococcus, what should we assume also has resistance?

A

CLINDIMYCIN

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49
Q

To confirm clindamycin resistance, we would send out for what kind of test?

A

D-TEST

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50
Q

Gram positive cocci in pairs or chains:

A

Streptococcus

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51
Q

Streptococcus is a facultative anaerobe. T or F?

A

TRUE

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52
Q

Enterococcus is a facultative anaerobe that is resistant to 6.5% NaCl, bile salts. T or F?

A

FALSE

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53
Q

Streptokinase:

A

ENZYME USED IN HEART ATTACK P TO BREAK CLOT

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54
Q

Streptococcus equip:

A

STRANGLES

55
Q

What species is Streptococcus canis found in?

A

DOGS AND CATS

56
Q

What species is Streptococcus uberis found in?

A

CATTLE – CAUSES CLINICAL MASTITIS

57
Q

S. canis in dogs and cats infects what areas?

A

NASAL AND GENITAL TRACT – INFECTS BABIES

58
Q

What type of location is Streptococcus can is (flesh eating) usually found?

A

SHELTERS

59
Q

What species does Streptococcus suis infect?

A

SWINE – WEANLINGS AND GROWING PIGS

60
Q

Why is Streptococcus suis important in veterinary medicine?

A

BECAUSE IT IS HIGHLY ZOONOTIC AND CAUSES MENINGITIS IN HUMANS

61
Q

Streptococcus iniae importance:

A

INFECTS FISH – FISHERMEN HANDLING FISH WITH BARE HANDS – ZOONOTIC!

62
Q

Streptococcus porcinus is similar to strangles, but what does it cause in pigs?

A

JOWL ABSCESS

63
Q

Streptococcus equi: the capsule is for…

A

PREVENTING PHAGOCYTOSIS AND INCREASES VIRULENCE

64
Q

Strangles usually affects _______________, but all ages are susceptible.

A

TWO YEAR OLDS AND YOUNGER

65
Q

What are the two cellular virulence factors for S. equi?

A

HYALURONIC ACID CAPSULE

66
Q

Strangles in horse starts as…

A

RESPIRATORY INFECTION

67
Q

Strangles transmission can be:

A

DIRECT OR INDIRECT

68
Q

Strangles: you can prevent abscess formation if you:

A

CATCH THE RESPIRATORY DISEASE

69
Q

S. equip can be carried in the guttural pouch for up to________ months.

A

5-7 MONTHS

70
Q

To culture for strangles:

A

NASAL SAWB/LAVAGE, 3 NEG AT WEEKLY INTERVALS AND TEST GUTERAL POUCH 30DAYS AFTER RECOVERY

71
Q

ELISA is not recommended as a diagnostic tool for strangles. T or F?

A

TRUE

72
Q

What is the best test for strangles?

A

PCR - M protein gene target

73
Q

_________: seen in urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. Hard to treat. Colonizers and is resistant to many antimicrobials.

A

ENTEROCOCCUS

74
Q

What are the 3 gram positive cocci?

A

STAPHYLOCOCCUS
STREPTOCOCCUS
ENTEROCOCCUS

75
Q

Small, gram positive, facultative anaerobic rods. Can grow at a wide range of temperature (4-44C). Infect food/pasteurized food products:

A

LISTERIA

76
Q

Listeria is resistant to:

A

HARSH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

77
Q

Listeria is a sporadic disease in animals. T or F?

A

TRUE

78
Q

What is the most common Listeria spp?

A

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

79
Q

This listeria spp can survive and replicate when inside of a macrophage.

A

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

80
Q

Listeria is a winter-spring disease of feedlot or housed ruminants. T or F?

A

TRUE

81
Q

Listeria is carried in the GI tract of animals. T or F?

A

TRUE

82
Q

The pathogenesis of Listeria:

A

INVASIVE: ENTERS BLOOD STREAM

83
Q

Listeria are a facultative intracellular bacteria. Intracellular growth leads to:

A

CELL DEATH AND FOCAL MICROABSCESSES

84
Q

What are the types of listeria presentations we will see as veterinarians?

A

ENCEPHALITIS
ABORTION
SEPTICEMIA

85
Q

This presentation of listeria is the most common in ruminants. Bacteria invade through oral mucosa and travel via trigeminal n. and have affinity for brainstem.

A

ENCEPHALITIS

86
Q

What are the 3 important virulence factors of Listeria?

A

INTERNALIN
LISTERIOLYSIS O
ACT A

87
Q

L. monocytogenes uses host _______ ________ to travel between cells.

A

ACTIN FILAMENTS

88
Q

What is the advantage for the bacteria to use host actin filaments to travel between cells?

A

THEY CAN GET AWAY FROM THE HOSTS ANTIBODIES/IMMUNE SYSTEM

89
Q

Unilateral facial paralysis via trigeminal n. is related to

A

L. MONOCYTOGENES

90
Q

An eye infection via the vague n. can be from listeria infection. T or F?

A

TRUE

91
Q

To diagnose Listeria, what would you send out to the lab?

A

LISTERIA ENRICHMENT CULTURE OF BRAINSTEM

92
Q

Therapy for listeria: in livestock? In small animal or valuable animal?

A

LIVESTOCK- CULL

SMALL ANIMAL/VALUABLE ANIMAL- TX W/ HIGH DOSES OF PENICILLIN

93
Q

A disease outcome in any case, such as Listeria, depends on these 4 things:

A

NUMBER OF ORGANISMS EXPOSED TO
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
VIRULENCE OF STRAIN
IMMUNE STATUS OF HOST

94
Q

There is control via vaccines for Listeria. T or F?

A

FALSE! CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY IS IMPORTANT

95
Q

Avoiding foods such as, poor quality silage, unpasteurized dairy products, processed meats and uncooked vegetables —- for which bacteria?

A

LISTERIA

96
Q

Small, non-sporeforming, gram positive rod bacteria:

A

ERYSIPELOTHRIOX SPP.

97
Q

What is the most common Erysipelothrix spp.?

A

E. RHEUSIOPATHIAE

98
Q

Erysipelothrix rheusiopathiae is most common in what species?

A

PIGS AND SOME BIRDS

99
Q

Erysipelothrix tonsillarum is less common, not virulent in pigs, and has been associated with disease in dogs. T or F?

A

TRUE!

100
Q

What percentage of healthy swine harbor Erysipelothrix organism in their tonsils or other lymphoid tissue, and occasionally shed the organism in their feces.

A

30-50%

101
Q

What age of swine are most susceptible to Erysipelothrix?

A

FROM 3 MONTHS - 1 YEAR

102
Q

Transmission of Erysipelothrix is usually orally, but organism may enter through skin abrasions. T or F?

A

TRUE

103
Q

What is responsible for the typical diamond shaped lesions?

A

NEURAMINIDASE

104
Q

The heat liable capsule resists ________ by neutrophils.

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

105
Q

Most common disease/cause of death with Eyrsipelothrix:

A

VEGETATIVE ENDOCARDITIS

106
Q

Diagnosis of Erysipelothrix:

A

CULTURE SPLEEN, LIVER, OR HEART
ANTIMICROBIAL TX
CULL CHRONIC ANIMALS
VACCINATE USING LIVE ATTENUATED AND BACTERIN

107
Q

What is the most important Bacillus spp?

A

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

108
Q

Bacillus are facultative bacteria. T or F?

A

TRUE

109
Q

Bacillus anthracis is easy to identify at culture because it presents in 2 ways:

A

IN PLATE SPORES FROM CENTER

UNDER MICROSCOPE IT LOOKS LIKE LITTLE SQUARES MAKING A CHAIN

110
Q

Anthrax looks similar to medusa’s hair in plate. T or F?

A

TRUE

111
Q

Virulence factors for B. anthracis:

A

CAPSULE (D GLUTAMIC ACID)
ANTHRAX TOXIN- 3 PROTEINS
(EDEMA, LETHAL, PROCTECTIVE)

112
Q

Anthrax capsules can been seen with McFaed. stain? T or F?

A

TRUE

113
Q

What are the 3 toxins that make up anthrax Tripartite Toxin?

A

EDEMA FACTOR - PATHOGEN/ENZYME
LETHAL FACTOR - PATHOGEN/ENZYME
PROTECTIVE FACTOR - BIDING PORTION

114
Q

Anthrax can live in the soil after an animal dies. This is why we burry bodies so deep. We do not want spores. T or F?

A

TRUE

115
Q

What is the main route of infection for anthrax?

A

INHILATION OR INGESTION OF SPORES

116
Q

What are 2 postmortem signs that give a hint that the animal may be infected with anthrax?

A

NO RIGOR MORTIS

HUGE SPLEEN

117
Q

Do you have to report anthrax?

A

YES

118
Q

As soon as organism is exposed to air it….

A

SPORULATES

119
Q

This bacteria appears to look like “Chinese writing”

A

CORYNEBACTERIUM SPP.

120
Q

Corynebacterium renale group is responsible for what disease in cattle?

A

CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PYLONEPHRITIS

VIA TRAUMA TO BLADDER OR URETHRA DUE TO CALVING OR AI

121
Q

Corynebacterium pseudo tuberculosis causes what disease in sheet and goats?

A

CASEOUS LYMPHADENITIS

122
Q

Nitrate-reducing biotype of Corynebacterium pseudo tuberculosis in horses is known as…

A

PIGEON FEVER

123
Q

What is the main virulence factor with C. pseudotubuculosis?

A

EXOTOXIN PHOSPHOLIPASE D

124
Q

Corynebacterium Bevis causes what in mice?

A

HYPERKERATOSIS

125
Q

Is rhodococcus equip a cocci?

A

NO, ROD SHAPED

126
Q

Rhodococcus equi causes what disease in horses?

A

FOAL PNEUMONIA

127
Q

If you do necropsy on a horse infected with Rhodococcus equi, what will you find?

A

LARGE NODULES ON LUNGS

128
Q

Ulcerative entercolitis can also occur with R. equi infection. T or F?

A

TRUE

129
Q

Nocardia is responsible for skin lesions and ear infections. T or F?

A

TRUE

130
Q

Nocardia can appear as rods, cocci, or cocobacilli forms. T or F?

A

TRUE

131
Q

What is the most common isolate of Nocardia in dogs and cats?

A

NOCARDIA ASTEROIDES

132
Q

N. asteroids in cattle is known as…

A

BOVINE FARCY

133
Q

Maspectromty is used for diagnosis if Nocardia. T or F?

A

TRUE

BacT Exam 1 (1 decks)

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