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History > 1-38 The Reigns of King Richard I and King John > Flashcards

1-38 The Reigns of King Richard I and King John Flashcards

The big picture of King Richard and King John (1189-1216), The Nature of being a King and how people became King (succession), Important people in the Topic, The Feudal (Land) System.

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1
Q

What years was Richard I king between?

A

1189-1199

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2
Q

What years was King John king between?

A

1199-1216

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3
Q

What was the name of the Empire that Richard and John controlled?

A

The Angevin Empire

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4
Q

Why was Richard out of the country for the majority of his reign?

A

i. Crusade wars

ii. Defending land in Normandy

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5
Q

What happened to Richard on his way home from the Crusade?

A

He was kidnapped by the Duke of Austria

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6
Q

What is a Crusade?

A

A religious war against Muslims in the Holy Land (Jerusalem)

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7
Q

Who did King John face threats from over his family land?

A

The King of France

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8
Q

Why did King John fall out with the Pope?

A

The candidate for the post of Archbishop of Canterbury

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9
Q

Why did the Barons rebel against King John?

A

He treated them badly and raised their taxes a lot

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10
Q

When did King John sign the Magna Carta?

A

1215

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11
Q

What was the name of system that organised society into sections?

A

The Feudal System

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12
Q

Who was at the top of the system and had to provide peace, protection and land for the people beneath them?

A

The King

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13
Q

Who was second and third in the system?

A

Barons (second) and Knights (third)

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14
Q

Who is at the bottom of the system?

A

Peasants

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15
Q

What was a Medieval King expected to do?

A

i. To be a strong ruler
ii. To enforce justice
iii. To keep the country safe from attack

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16
Q

What was the principle of primogeniture and was this followed in the 12th century?

A

The eldest son inherits the title of King from his father

No, people became King for other reasons as well

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17
Q

What happened at the moment a new King was anointed with Holy oils?

A

He took the title of rex and was given divine authority

18
Q

What were two features of the King’s duties?

A

i. Chief decision maker

ii. Showing fairness and mercy in his decisions

19
Q

What were two features of how a King’s authority was ritualised and displayed?

A

i. The anointing with holy oils

ii. Being crowned in front of the most important nobles and members of the clergy

20
Q

What was itinerant kingship?

A

The practice of the king and his court travelling from place to place around the country

21
Q

How did itinerant kingship help with encouraging loyalty from subjects?

A

It ensured that everyone knew he was the King

22
Q

Who was King Richard I?

A

Richard was King of England between 1189-1199.

He is most well known for going on the Third Crusade

23
Q

Who was King John?

A

John was King of England between 1199-1216.

He is most well known for signing the Magna Carta in 1216.

24
Q

Who was King Henry II?

A

The father of King Richard and King John.

He died in 1189

25
Q

Who was Eleanor of Aquitaine?

A

The mother of Richard and John.

Eleanor was a powerful lady who owned a lot of land in France.

26
Q

Who was King Philip II of France?

A

The King of France between 1180-1223.

He started going on Crusade with King Richard and battled with King John over land in France.

27
Q

Who was William Marshal?

A

A very important Baron

He supports Richard in becoming King

28
Q

Who was Pope Gregory VIII?

A

He was responsible for calling the Third Crusade in 1187

29
Q

Who was Stephen Langton?

A

He was elected as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1205 by Pope Innocent III against John’s wishes

30
Q

Who was Pope Innocent III?

A

He was responsible for putting England in an Interdict and excommunication King John

31
Q

What does hierarchy mean?

A

A way of organising society by authority levels, the most important person at the top

32
Q

What were the four main ranks in the system?

A

King
Tenants-in-Chief
Knights
Peasants

33
Q

What was the King’s role in the system?

A

He granted land and tax concessions

Provided peace, law, protection in return for loyalty and service

34
Q

What was the tenants-in-chief- role in the system?

A

They granted land and privileges to Knights

Assisting and advising the government

35
Q

What were the peasants’ role in the system?

A

They worked on the land that was owned by their Lord

36
Q

What were the three types of peasants in the feudal system?

A

i. Freeman, paid rent for their land but could move
ii. Villein, a peasant who was the property of their lord and couldn’t move
iii. Cottar, a peasant who held a cottage with a small piece of land

37
Q

What was the Royal Demesne?

A

The land that was owned and kept by the King

38
Q

What were two features of Knight Service?

A

i. To serve in the King’s army for at least two months, they had to provide their own resources
ii. To perform up to 40 days’ service in guarding the lord’s castle and in training

39
Q

What were two features of Labour service?

A

i. They had to work for their overlords by collecting the harvest for farming the land
ii. They didn’t owe military service as it was the duty of their Lord to protect them

40
Q

How did forfeiture help the feudal system function properly?

A

It meant that if a vassal didn’t perform as he promised to in his oath, then his land would be taken away

History (6 decks)

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