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muscle physiology > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic NS innervates which muscle types?

A

cardiac and smooth

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2
Q

somatic NS innervates what muscle types

A

skeletal

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3
Q

which muscle type is not striated

A

smooth

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4
Q

define a motor unit

A

single alpha motor neuron and all skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

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5
Q

which type of muscles have fewer fibres per motor unit

A

those for finer movements

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6
Q

sequence of muscle organisation large to small

A

whole muscle > muscle fibre > myofibril > sarcomere

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7
Q

skeletal muscle = ____ innervation

A

neurogenic

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8
Q

which muscle type are neuromuscular junctions present

A

skeletal

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9
Q

which muscle type is gap junctions present

A

cardiac

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10
Q

cardiac muscle =___ innervation

A

myogenic

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11
Q

what causes contraction in skeletal muscle

A

calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

what causes contraction in cardiac muscle

A

Ca++ from ECF and then sarco (Ca++ induced Ca++ release)

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13
Q

what is functional unit of muscle

A

sarcomere

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14
Q

4 zones of sarcomere

A

A-band
i-band
H-zone
M-line

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15
Q

what is M-line

A

vertical line down middle of H-zone

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16
Q

what is H-zone

A

middle of band where thin filaments dont reach

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17
Q

what is I-band

A

remaining thin filaments that are not in band

18
Q

what is A-band

A

thick filaments (some thin)

19
Q

graduation of skeletal muscle contraction due to

A

motor unit recruitment and summation of contraction

20
Q

sarcomere is located between what

A

between 2 Z-lines

21
Q

skeletal muscle tension influenced by what

A

frequency of stimulation
summation of contraction
length of muscle fibres
thickness of fibres

22
Q

what prevents muscle fatigue

A

motor unit recruitment

23
Q

what can lead to a strong contraction

A

twitch summation (before first twitch relaxes)

24
Q

tenus is

A

max sustained contraction due to rapid stimulation with no relaxation between

25
Q

when will you get max tetanic contraction

A

when muscle is at optimal length (lo) before onset of contraction

26
Q

2 types of contraction

A

isotonic (movement) - length change

isomeric (posture) - constant muscle length

27
Q

velocity of muscle shortening ____ with load

A

decreases

28
Q

what is stretch reflex

A

is neg feedback to maintain optimal resting length

29
Q

stretch reflex pathway

A

1) stretch activates sensory receptors in muscle spindle
causing increased firing of afferent neurons
2) afferent neurons synapse in cord with alpha motor neurons (efferent)
3) stretched muscle contracts (with simultaneous relaxation of antagonist muscles)

30
Q

what are muscle spindles

A

collection of specialised muscle fibres (intrafrusal fibres) that act as stretch receptors

normal muscle fibres are called extrafrusal fibres

31
Q

sensory nerve ending of spindle fibre called?

A

annulospiral fibres

32
Q

spindle fibre have own efferent (motor) nerves called….

A

gamma motor neurones (these adjust tension)

33
Q

immediate source of ATP in muscles from?

A

creatine phospate to ATP

34
Q

when do you get glycolysis (glucose > pyruvate releasing ATP)

A

when no O2 present

35
Q

3 types of skeletal muscle

A

type 1: slow oxidative
type IIa: fast oxidative
type IIx: fast glycolytic

36
Q

type 1 muscle speed

A

slow twitch

37
Q

type IIa muscle speed

A

intermediate twitch

38
Q

type IIx muscle speed

A

fast twitch

39
Q

conditions in which each of the 3 muscle fibre types work

A

type 1: aerobic
type IIa: both aerobic and anaerobic
type IIx: anaerobic

40
Q

type of work each type of muscle fibre does

A

type 1: prolonged low work
type IIa: prolonged moderate
type IIx: short term high intensity

muscle physiology (1 decks)

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