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GI Embryology > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

When does the embryo begin to fold?

A

4th week

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2
Q

What direction does the embryo fold?

A

Lateral and craniocaudal

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3
Q

What is created by lateral folding of the embryo?

A

Ventral Body wall and tubular primitive gut tube

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4
Q

What is created by craniocaudel folding of the embryo?

A

Creates cranio and caudel pockets from yolk sac endoderm (beginning primitive gut development)

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5
Q

What is the Primitive Gut Tube lined by?

A

Endoderm

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6
Q

What can the Primitive Gut Tube be divided into?

A

Foregut, Midgut and Hindgut

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7
Q

Describe the formation of the PGT

A

Pinches off from yolk sac cavity in 3rd week.
Runs from stomatodeum to proctodeum
Opening at the umbilicus = Vitelline Duct

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8
Q

What is the external lining of the PGT?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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9
Q

How and where is the PGT suspended?

A

Intraembryonic Coelom by double layer of splanchnic mesoderm

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10
Q

Describe the midgut innervation

A

Parasympathetic: Vagus Nerve
Sympathetic: Superior Mesenteric Ganglion & Plexus

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11
Q

Describe the hindgut innervation

A

Parasympathetic: Pelvic Nerve (S2,3,4)
Sympathetic: Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion & Plexus

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12
Q

What is the mesoderm surrounding the gut slit into?

A

Layers

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13
Q

What are the the layers surrounding the gut split into? What do they develop into?

A

Somatic: Develops into muscles and fasciae of abdominal wall
Splanchnic: Develops into smooth muscles of gut wall

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14
Q

What is the space that is created by the split called?

A

Coelamic Cavity (forerunner of the pleural and partitioner cavity, primitive gut is therefore surrounded by Coelomic Cavity)

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15
Q

What happens as Lateral Folding progresses?

A

Two sides of abdominal wall meet and form the lineal alba

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16
Q

What do the muscles and fascia of the abdominal wall develop from?

A

Somatic Mesoderm

17
Q

Describe the formation of the Coelomic Cavity and its future

A

The mesoderm surrounding the gut splits into the somatic and splanchnic and the space between them forms the Coelomic Cavity. Will eventually be divided by the diaphragm

18
Q

Where is the developing gut attached to? How?

A

Roof of the abdominal cavity by a fold of mesoderm known as the dorsal mesoderm

19
Q

What attaches the foregut and where?

A

Ventral Mesentary and to the floor

20
Q

Describe the formation of the right and left spaces and what they will go on to contribute towards

A

Dorsal mesentary in the region of the foregut creates the right and left spaces
Left space will contribute towards the greater peritoneal sac
Right space will contribute towards the less peritoneal sac

21
Q

Where is the greater and lesser omentum formed?

A

Greater formed from the dorsal mesentary of the stomach
Lesser formed from the ventral mesentary of the stomach
Formed by stomach rotation

22
Q

Describe the rotation of the stomach

A

Stomach widest part of the foregut and starts symmetrically. However, it begins to expand towards the left and this faster growth of the dorsal border creates the greater curvature

23
Q

What axis does the stomach rotate around?

A

Longitudinal and anteroposterior

24
Q

What are the results of the stomach rotation?

A

Right becomes anterior and left becomes posterior
Vagus nerves lie anterior/posterior instead of left/right
Shifts the cardia and the pylorus from the midline, pushing greater curve inferiorly
Moves the lesser sac behind the stomach
Creates the greater omentum

25
Q

Describe some secondary retro peritoneal structures

A

Ascending and descending colon

Duodenum

26
Q

Describe how the duodenum is secondary retro peritoneal

A

Mesentary pushed against the posterior abdominal wall due to rotation and liver size. It then gets grown over which forms an avascular fusion fascia

27
Q

Describe the formation of the Respiratory Primordium

A

Respiratory Diverticulum forms in the ventral wall of the foregut at the junction with the pharyngeal gut
This becomes the respiratory primordium ventrally and the oesophagus dorsally
Divided by the tracheosophageal septum

28
Q

Describe some foregut derived glands formed in the ventral mesentary

A

Liver
Biliary System
Greater head of the pancreas

29
Q

Describe the foregut derived gland formed in the forsal mesentary

A

The rest of the pancreas

30
Q

Where does the liver develop?

A

From hepatic bud within ventral mesentary

31
Q

Describe what happens to the duodeum in the 5th and 6th weeks

A

Loses its lumen due to fast growing lining

Recanalised later on

GI Embryology (1 decks)

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