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RAD 111 Lower Limb > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

0
Q

Which is the largest tarsal

A

Calcaneus/ oscalcis

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1
Q

How many tarsals are there

A

7

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2
Q

The bones forming the instep of the foot are termed the

A

Metatarsal bones

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3
Q

The joint between the 1st proximal phalanx and the 1st metatarsal is the

A

1st MTP (metatarsophangeal joint)

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4
Q

The subtalar joint is the joint between the _________ and the________

A

Calcaneus and the talus

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5
Q

The space in the subtalar joint is termed the

A

Sinus tarsi

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6
Q

The ________ is the weight-bearing medial bone in the lower leg

A

Tibia

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7
Q

The “bump” on the lateral side of the ankle is the

A

Lateral malleolus

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8
Q

The proximal tibiofibular articulation is formed by the

A

Head of fibula and the fibulae facet of the tibia

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9
Q

The inferior portions of the articulated tibia and fibula form a deep socket termed the

A

Mortise

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10
Q

Three bones that make up the ankle joint are

A

The tibia, fibula, and talus

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11
Q

Two small round bones termed ________ are located on the plantar surface of the 1 st metatarsophalangeal joint

A

Sesamoid bones

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12
Q

Another term for the top of the foot is the

A

Dorsum pedis

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13
Q

Another term do the bottom of the foot is the

A

Plantar surface

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14
Q

Another term for the tibial spine is the

A

Intercondylar eminence

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15
Q

The head of the tibia is located on the (distal or proximal) aspect

A

Proximal

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16
Q

The deep depression between the condyles of the femur is termed the

A

Intercondylar fossa

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17
Q

The posterior aspect of the knee is termed the

A

Popliteal region

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18
Q

The structures that act as “shock absorbers” in the knee joint are the _______ &_______ and lie on the _________ of the tibia

A

Medial and lateral menisci

Plateau of tibia

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19
Q

The two ligaments that lie within the joint capsule of the knee and function to prevent anterior and posterior displacement are the

A

ACL and PCL ligaments

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20
Q

List the routine for the foot

A

AP
medial oblique
Lateral

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21
Q

The foot is rotated ______degrees (medially or laterally) to preform the AP oblique foot

A

30-40 degrees

Medially

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22
Q

The leg is rotated ______degrees (internally or externally) until the __________ line is (parallel or perpendicular) to the IR to perform the AP mortise ankle

A

15-20 degrees internally

Intermalleolar line is parallel

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23
Q

List the routine for the calcaneus

A

Semi-axial and lateral

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24
Q

State the CR for the axial calcaneus

A

Angle 40 degrees toward heal of foot

Enters plantar surface at the base of 3 rd metatarsal and exits mid IR

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25
Q

The ___________ projection of the ankle demonstrates the mortise with minimal superimposition

A

AP mortise view

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26
Q

List the routine for the knee

A

AP
Medial oblique
Lateral

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27
Q

Describe how to locate the knee joint

A

1/2 “ below the apex of patella

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28
Q

The patient should be placed on the (affected or unaffected) side and the knee should be flexed _________ degrees to perform the lateral knee

A

Affected @ 20-30 degree range

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29
Q

State the CR for lateral knee

A

Angled 5-7 degrees 1” distal to medial epicondyles

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30
Q

__________&________ are tangential projections of the patella named after the men who first described the positions

A

Hughston and Settegast

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31
Q

The tibial plateau slopes ________ degrees posteriorly

A

10-20

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32
Q

The patella acts as a pivot to increase the leverage of the _________ muscle located on the anterior thigh

A

Quadriceps femoris

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33
Q

Equal spacing between the _____________ indicates the foot was in the AP position with no obliquity on the AP radiograph

A

2nd and 5 th metatarsals

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34
Q

On the well positioned AP oblique foot joint spaces around the _________ are open, the ________ are separated and the sinus tarsi is open

A

Spaces around the cuboid

Bases of 3rd-5th metatarsals

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35
Q

The __________ is centered to the Intercondylar fossa indicating the knee was in the AP position with no rotation on the AP knee radiograph

A

Intercondylar eminence

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36
Q

The pelvic girdle is composed of the

A

Right and left innominate bones (ala)

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37
Q

The three fused bones of the hip bone are the

A

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

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38
Q

The fusion of these bones takes place in the

A

Acetabulum during the teen years

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39
Q

The most inferior structures of the pelvis are the

A

Right and left ischial tuberosities

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40
Q

The crest of the ilium extends from the

A

ASIS anteriorly to the PSIS posteriorly

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41
Q

The anterior articulation of the pubic bones is the

A

Symphysis pubis

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42
Q

The _________ pelvis is wide and shallow with a large round inlet and an obtuse pubic arch

A

Female

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43
Q

In the erect anatomical position the angle of the neck of the femur to the shaft of the femur is approximately _______ degrees on the average adult

A

125

Range 110-140 degrees

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44
Q

The lesser trochanter is located (postero or anntero) (medial or lateral) aspect o the proximal femur

A

Postero and medial

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45
Q

The small depression in the center I the femoral head is the

A

Fovea capitis

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46
Q

The head and neck of the femur are at a ________ degree angle to the shaft of the femur

A

15-20 degree range

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47
Q

The head and neck of femur project anteriorly or laterally

A

Anteriorly

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48
Q

Because I the angle on the head and neck of femur the legs must be (internally or externally) rotated ________ degrees to bring the neck of the femur parallel with the IR when performing the AP pelvis or AP hip

A

Internally

15-20

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49
Q

Describe how to locate the neck o the femur

A

1-2 in medially and 3-4 in distal to the ASIS

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50
Q

The cup shaped structure that receives the rad of the femur to form the hip joint is the

A

Acetabulum

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51
Q

In the sitting position the weight of the body rests on the _______ of the pelvis

A

Ischial tuberosities

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52
Q

The ______ forms 2/5 of the acetabulum superiorly, the _______ forms 1/5 anteriorly and the _______ 2/5 posteriorly

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

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53
Q

The __________ foramen is the largest foramen of the body and is formed by the ischium and the pubis

A

Obturator

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54
Q

The __________ is the prominent ridge extending between the trochanters at the base of the neck of the femur on the posterior surface

A

Intertrachanteric crest

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55
Q

The hip joint is a (mobility, structure, and movement) joint

A

Diarrhrodial, synovial, spheroid (ball and socket)

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56
Q

A plane through the bony rim o the pelvis forms the superior margin of the pelvic inlet. The bony rim is termed the

A

Greater or false pelvis

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57
Q

The pelvic inlet is measured from the _______ to the _______ in the anteroposterior direction

A

Pubic symphysis to the sacrum

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58
Q

The pelvis outlet is measured from the ______ to the ______ in the anteroposterior direction and between the ______ in the horizontal direction

A

the ischial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx

Right and left ischial tuberosities

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59
Q

The _______ pelvis is the region between the inlet and the outlet

A

True

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60
Q

Describe the typical appearance of a pts leg indicating a hip fracture

A

Long axis of affected side externally rotated (toes point outward)

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61
Q

What is another name for the cross table lateral hip

A

Axiolateral inferosuperior projection

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62
Q

List the routine for the non trauma hip

A

AP hip
Frog leg lateral
AP pelvis

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63
Q

List the routine for the trauma hip

A

AP as is

Cross table lateral

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64
Q

State the CR for the AP pelvis

A

Perpendicular to IR

Midway between level of ASIS and symphysis pubis

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65
Q

State the CR for a cross table lateral hip

A

Crease of leg

Perpendicular to femoral neck and IR

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66
Q

On a well positioned AP pelvis the _________ are symmetrical indicating the tp was in the AP supine position with no rotation

A

Iliac ala/ wings as well as obturator foramen

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67
Q

How do you determine if the tp internally rotated the legs 15-20 degrees on an AP pelvis radiograph

A

Lesser trochanters are not visible

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68
Q

Synonyms for hip bone

A

Innominate bone

Ossa coxae

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69
Q

Which of the metatarsal bones has a prominent tuberosity frequently fractured

A

5th

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70
Q

The inferior portions of the tib/fib form a deep socket termed the

A

Ankle mortise

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71
Q

Which tarsal bone helps form the ankle joint

A

Talus

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72
Q

Palpable bony landmarks for the pelvis/hip X-ray are

A

Symphysis pubis
ASIS
Iliac crest

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73
Q

The MTP joint I located where

A

Between the metatarsals an the phalanx

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74
Q

Another name for the tibial spine

A

Intercondylar eminence

75
Q

The head of the fibula is on the ________ aspect of the fibula

A

Proximal

76
Q

What demonstrates a well positioned oblique foot

A

Joint space around the cuboid
Bases of 3-5 metatarsals separated
Sinus tarsi open

77
Q

For a trauma hip how should the affected leg be posts optioned

A

As is

78
Q

For a trauma lateral hip how should the unaffected leg be positioned

A

Up out if the way

79
Q

The largest strongest bone in the body is

A

The femur

80
Q

If hip trauma is suspected what position should be performed first

A

AP as is

81
Q

Which of the following should the AP hip include
•any prosthesis in its entirety
•the entire wing if the ala

A

Any prosthesis in its entirety

82
Q

Which of the following is appropriate for an axiolateral hip
•horizontal beam
•grid
•breathing technique

A

Horizontal beam and grid

83
Q

What population or combination of populations is/are most prone to fractured hips

A

Women
Asian
Caucasian
Elderly

84
Q

Which X-ray study best demonstrates the Intercondylar fossa

A

Tunnel view (p249)

85
Q

The subtalar joint is located under the

A

Talus

86
Q

Where are sesimoid bones located on the lower limb

A

Knee and foot (first digit)

87
Q

What is degree of obliquity for an oblique knee

A

45 degrees

88
Q

What is the degree of obliquity for an AP knee

A

3-5 degrees

89
Q

What is the degree of obliquity for the legs for an AP hip/pelvis

A

15-20 degrees

90
Q

Why is the degree of obliquity for a mortise oblique ankle

A

15-20 degrees

91
Q

A frog leg lateral position is used for a

A

Non trauma patient

92
Q

CR to IR angle for a lateral knee is

A

5-7 degrees

93
Q

CR to IR angle for axial calcaneus

A

40 degrees

94
Q

CR to IR angle for cross table lateral hip

A

Perpendicular

95
Q

CR to IR angle for AP foot and Toes

A

10-15

96
Q

CR to IR angle for a sunrise

A

Perpendicular

97
Q

Does a male or female have an acute pelvic arch

A

Male

98
Q

Does a male or female have a heart shaped inlet

A

Male

99
Q

Is a male or females obturator foramen more oval

A

Neither

100
Q

Is male or females symphysis pubis fused

A

Neither

101
Q

What are 2 differences between the phalanges of the hand and the phalanges of the foot

A

Phalanges of the foot are smaller and joint movements of the foot are more limited

102
Q

List three specific articulation facets found in the subtalar joint

A

Posterior facet
Anterior facet
Middle facet

103
Q

The smallest of the cuneiforms

A

Intermediate cuneiform

104
Q

Found on the medial side of the foot between the talus

A

Navicular

105
Q

The largest cuneiform

A

Medial cuneiform

106
Q

Articulates with the 2nd 3rd and 4th metatarsal

A

Lateral cuneiform

107
Q

The most superior tarsal bone

A

Talus

108
Q

Articulates with the first metatarsal

A

Medial cuneiform

109
Q

The tarsal found anterior to the calcaneus and lateral to the lateral cuneiform

A

Cuboid

110
Q

The second largest tarsal bone

A

Talus

111
Q

T/F the cuboid articulates with the four bones o the foot

A

True

112
Q

The calcaneus articulates with the talus and the

A

Cuboid

113
Q

List the two arches of the foot

A

Longitudinal and transverse arches

114
Q

The distal tibial joint surface forming the roof if the distal ankle joint is called the

A

Tibial plafond

115
Q

T/F the medial malleolus is approximately 1/2 in posterior to the lateral malleolus

A

False

116
Q

The ankle joint is classified as what type of joint with what type of movement

A

Synovial joint

Sellar movement

117
Q

What is the name of large prominence located on the mid anterior surface of the proximal tibia that serves as a distal attachment for the patellar tendon

A

Tibial tuberosity

118
Q

What is the name of the small prominence located on the postero lateral aspect of the medial condyle of the femur that is a landmark to determine possible rotation of a lateral knee

A

Adductor tubercle

119
Q

A small triangular depression located on the tibia that helps form the distal tibiofibular joint is called the

A

Fibular notch

120
Q

The articular facet so the proximal tibia are also referred to as the

A

Tibial plateau

121
Q

The articular facets slopes ________ degrees posteriorly

A

10-15

122
Q

The most proximal aspect of the fibula is the

A

Styloid process / apex

123
Q

Two other names for the patellar surface of the femur

A

Intercondylar sulcus

Trochlear groove

124
Q

What is the name of the depression located on the posterior aspect of the distal femur

A

Intercondylar fossa / notch

125
Q

Why must the CR be angles 5-7 degrees cephalad for a lateral knee position

A

The medial condyle is lower than the lateral condyle

126
Q

The slightly raised area located on the postero lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle is called

A

Adductor tubercle

127
Q

What are two palpable bony landmarks found on the distal femur

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles

128
Q

T/F flexion of 20 degrees of the knee forces the patella firmly against the patellar surface of the femur

A

False

129
Q

T/F the posterior surface of the patella is normally rough

A

False

130
Q

The correct term for the joint between the patella and distal femur

A

Patellofemoral joint

131
Q

The correct term for the joint between the two condyles of the femur and tibia

A

Femorotibial joint

132
Q

List the four major ligaments of the knee

A 
Fibular collateral (laterally)
Tibial collateral (medially)
Anterior cruciate (ACL)
Posterior cruciate (PCL)
133
Q

Two bursae found in the knee joint

A

Suprapatellar and infrapatellar bursae

134
Q

Where is the tibial plafond found

A

On the tibia

135
Q

Where is the medial malleolus found

A

On the tibia

136
Q

Where is the lateral epicondyle found

A

Distal femur

137
Q

Where is the patellar surface found

A

Distal femur

138
Q

Where are the articular facets found

A

On the tibia

139
Q

Where is the fibulae notch found

A

On the tibia

140
Q

Where is the Styloid process found

A

On the fibula

141
Q

The top of the patella is called the

A

Base

142
Q

Where is the Intercondyloid eminence found

A

On the tibia

143
Q

Inward turning or bending of ankle

A

Inversion

144
Q

Decreasing the angle between the Dorsum pedis and anterior lower leg

A

Dorsiflexion

145
Q

Extending the ankle or pointing the foot and toe downward

A

Plantar flexion

146
Q

Outward turning or bending of ankle

A

Eversion

147
Q

T/F the recommended SID for the lower limb radiography is 40”

A

True

148
Q

T/F with careful and close collimation, gonadal shielding does not have to be used during lower limb radiography

A

False

149
Q

T/F a KVP range between 50-70 should be used for analog lower limb radiography

A

True

150
Q

T/F a KVP range for digital imaging is typically lower as compared with film screen ranges

A

False

151
Q

An inflammatory condition involving the anterior proximal tibia

A

Osgood-schlatter disease

152
Q

Also known as osteitis deformans

A

Paget’s disease

153
Q

Malignant tumor o the cartilage

A

Chondrosarcoma

154
Q

Inherited type of arthritis that commonly affects males

A

Gout

155
Q

Benign neoplasticism bone lesion caused by overproduction of bone at a joint

A

Exostosis

156
Q

Benign bone lesion usually developing in teens or young adults

A

Osteitis osteoma

157
Q

Most prevalent primary bone malignancy in pediatric patients

A

Ewings sarcoma

158
Q

Benign neoplastic bone lesion filled with clear fluid

A

Bone cyst

159
Q

Injury to a large ligament located between the bases of the first and second metatarsals

A

Lisfranc joint injury

160
Q

Condition affecting the sacroiliac joints and lower limbs of young men especially the postero superior margin of the calcaneus

A

Reiters syndrome

161
Q

What are the two important radiographic landmarks of the ilium

A

Iliac crest

ASIS

162
Q

T/F the terms pelvis and pelvic girdle are no synonymous

A

True

163
Q

The upper margin of the greater trochanter is approx ___________ above the level of the superior border of the symphysis pubis, and the ischial tuberosity is about ___________ below

A

1”

1 1/2 -2”

164
Q

An imaginary plane that divides the pelvic region into the lesser and greater pelvis is called the

A

Pelvic brim

165
Q

Alt term for the greater pelvis

A

False

166
Q

Alt term for the lesser pelvis

A

True

167
Q

What is the major function of the greater pelvis

A

Supports the lower organs of the abd and fetus

168
Q

What is the major function o the lesser pelvis

A

Forms birth canal

169
Q

List the three aspects of the lesser pelvis which also describes the birth route during the delivery process

A

Inlet
Cavity
Outlet

170
Q

What part of the pelvis possess a large tuberosity found at the most inferior aspect

A

Ischium

171
Q

Which part if the pelvis is the lesser sciatic notch found

A

Ischium

172
Q

Which part of the pelvis is the ala found

A

Ilium

173
Q

Where is the PSIS

A

On the ilium

174
Q

Which part of the pelvis possesses a slightly moveable joint

A

Pubis

175
Q

Where is the ASIS

A

On the ilium

176
Q

What form the anterior inferior aspect of the pelvic girdle

A

Pubis

177
Q

Articulates with the sacrum to form the SI joints

A

Ilium

178
Q

In the past which radiographic examination was performed to measure the fetal head in comparison with the maternal pelvis to predict possible birthing problems

A

Cephalopelvimetry

179
Q

What imaging modality has replaced cephalopelvimetry

A

Sonography/ ultrasound

180
Q

A degenerative joint disease

A

Osteoarthritis

181
Q

Most common fracture in older patients bc of high incidence of osteoporosis or avascular necrosis

A

Proximal hip fracture

182
Q

A malignant tumor of the cartilage of the hip

A

Chondrosarcoma

183
Q

A disease producing extensive calcification of the longitudinal ligament of the spinal column

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

184
Q

A fx resulting from a severe blow to one side of pelvis

A

Pelvic ring fracture

185
Q

Malignancy spread to one via the circulatory and lymphatic systems or direct invasion

A

Metastatic carcinoma

186
Q

Now referred to as developmental dysphasia of the hip

A

Congenital dislocation

RAD 111 Lower Limb (1 decks)

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