1 Flashcards
0
Q
Which is the largest tarsal
A
Calcaneus/ oscalcis
1
Q
How many tarsals are there
A
7
2
Q
The bones forming the instep of the foot are termed the
A
Metatarsal bones
3
Q
The joint between the 1st proximal phalanx and the 1st metatarsal is the
A
1st MTP (metatarsophangeal joint)
4
Q
The subtalar joint is the joint between the _________ and the________
A
Calcaneus and the talus
5
Q
The space in the subtalar joint is termed the
A
Sinus tarsi
6
Q
The ________ is the weight-bearing medial bone in the lower leg
A
Tibia
7
Q
The “bump” on the lateral side of the ankle is the
A
Lateral malleolus
8
Q
The proximal tibiofibular articulation is formed by the
A
Head of fibula and the fibulae facet of the tibia
9
Q
The inferior portions of the articulated tibia and fibula form a deep socket termed the
A
Mortise
10
Q
Three bones that make up the ankle joint are
A
The tibia, fibula, and talus
11
Q
Two small round bones termed ________ are located on the plantar surface of the 1 st metatarsophalangeal joint
A
Sesamoid bones
12
Q
Another term for the top of the foot is the
A
Dorsum pedis
13
Q
Another term do the bottom of the foot is the
A
Plantar surface
14
Q
Another term for the tibial spine is the
A
Intercondylar eminence
15
Q
The head of the tibia is located on the (distal or proximal) aspect
A
Proximal
16
Q
The deep depression between the condyles of the femur is termed the
A
Intercondylar fossa
17
Q
The posterior aspect of the knee is termed the
A
Popliteal region
18
Q
The structures that act as “shock absorbers” in the knee joint are the _______ &_______ and lie on the _________ of the tibia
A
Medial and lateral menisci
Plateau of tibia
19
Q
The two ligaments that lie within the joint capsule of the knee and function to prevent anterior and posterior displacement are the
A
ACL and PCL ligaments
20
Q
List the routine for the foot
A
AP
medial oblique
Lateral
21
Q
The foot is rotated ______degrees (medially or laterally) to preform the AP oblique foot
A
30-40 degrees
Medially
22
Q
The leg is rotated ______degrees (internally or externally) until the __________ line is (parallel or perpendicular) to the IR to perform the AP mortise ankle
A
15-20 degrees internally
Intermalleolar line is parallel
23
Q
List the routine for the calcaneus
A
Semi-axial and lateral
24
State the CR for the axial calcaneus
Angle 40 degrees toward heal of foot
| Enters plantar surface at the base of 3 rd metatarsal and exits mid IR
25
The ___________ projection of the ankle demonstrates the mortise with minimal superimposition
AP mortise view
26
List the routine for the knee
AP
Medial oblique
Lateral
27
Describe how to locate the knee joint
1/2 " below the apex of patella
28
The patient should be placed on the (affected or unaffected) side and the knee should be flexed _________ degrees to perform the lateral knee
Affected @ 20-30 degree range
29
State the CR for lateral knee
Angled 5-7 degrees 1" distal to medial epicondyles
30
__________&________ are tangential projections of the patella named after the men who first described the positions
Hughston and Settegast
31
The tibial plateau slopes ________ degrees posteriorly
10-20
32
The patella acts as a pivot to increase the leverage of the _________ muscle located on the anterior thigh
Quadriceps femoris
33
Equal spacing between the _____________ indicates the foot was in the AP position with no obliquity on the AP radiograph
2nd and 5 th metatarsals
34
On the well positioned AP oblique foot joint spaces around the _________ are open, the ________ are separated and the sinus tarsi is open
Spaces around the cuboid
| Bases of 3rd-5th metatarsals
35
The __________ is centered to the Intercondylar fossa indicating the knee was in the AP position with no rotation on the AP knee radiograph
Intercondylar eminence
36
The pelvic girdle is composed of the
Right and left innominate bones (ala)
37
The three fused bones of the hip bone are the
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
38
The fusion of these bones takes place in the
Acetabulum during the teen years
39
The most inferior structures of the pelvis are the
Right and left ischial tuberosities
40
The crest of the ilium extends from the
ASIS anteriorly to the PSIS posteriorly
41
The anterior articulation of the pubic bones is the
Symphysis pubis
42
The _________ pelvis is wide and shallow with a large round inlet and an obtuse pubic arch
Female
43
In the erect anatomical position the angle of the neck of the femur to the shaft of the femur is approximately _______ degrees on the average adult
125
| Range 110-140 degrees
44
The lesser trochanter is located (postero or anntero) (medial or lateral) aspect o the proximal femur
Postero and medial
45
The small depression in the center I the femoral head is the
Fovea capitis
46
The head and neck of the femur are at a ________ degree angle to the shaft of the femur
15-20 degree range
47
The head and neck of femur project anteriorly or laterally
Anteriorly
48
Because I the angle on the head and neck of femur the legs must be (internally or externally) rotated ________ degrees to bring the neck of the femur parallel with the IR when performing the AP pelvis or AP hip
Internally
| 15-20
49
Describe how to locate the neck o the femur
1-2 in medially and 3-4 in distal to the ASIS
50
The cup shaped structure that receives the rad of the femur to form the hip joint is the
Acetabulum
51
In the sitting position the weight of the body rests on the _______ of the pelvis
Ischial tuberosities
52
The ______ forms 2/5 of the acetabulum superiorly, the _______ forms 1/5 anteriorly and the _______ 2/5 posteriorly
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
53
The __________ foramen is the largest foramen of the body and is formed by the ischium and the pubis
Obturator
54
The __________ is the prominent ridge extending between the trochanters at the base of the neck of the femur on the posterior surface
Intertrachanteric crest
55
The hip joint is a (mobility, structure, and movement) joint
Diarrhrodial, synovial, spheroid (ball and socket)
56
A plane through the bony rim o the pelvis forms the superior margin of the pelvic inlet. The bony rim is termed the
Greater or false pelvis
57
The pelvic inlet is measured from the _______ to the _______ in the anteroposterior direction
Pubic symphysis to the sacrum
58
The pelvis outlet is measured from the ______ to the ______ in the anteroposterior direction and between the ______ in the horizontal direction
the ischial tuberosities and the tip of the coccyx
Right and left ischial tuberosities
59
The _______ pelvis is the region between the inlet and the outlet
True
60
Describe the typical appearance of a pts leg indicating a hip fracture
Long axis of affected side externally rotated (toes point outward)
61
What is another name for the cross table lateral hip
Axiolateral inferosuperior projection
62
List the routine for the non trauma hip
AP hip
Frog leg lateral
AP pelvis
63
List the routine for the trauma hip
AP as is
| Cross table lateral
64
State the CR for the AP pelvis
Perpendicular to IR
| Midway between level of ASIS and symphysis pubis
65
State the CR for a cross table lateral hip
Crease of leg
| Perpendicular to femoral neck and IR
66
On a well positioned AP pelvis the _________ are symmetrical indicating the tp was in the AP supine position with no rotation
Iliac ala/ wings as well as obturator foramen
67
How do you determine if the tp internally rotated the legs 15-20 degrees on an AP pelvis radiograph
Lesser trochanters are not visible
68
Synonyms for hip bone
Innominate bone
| Ossa coxae
69
Which of the metatarsal bones has a prominent tuberosity frequently fractured
5th
70
The inferior portions of the tib/fib form a deep socket termed the
Ankle mortise
71
Which tarsal bone helps form the ankle joint
Talus
72
Palpable bony landmarks for the pelvis/hip X-ray are
Symphysis pubis
ASIS
Iliac crest
73
The MTP joint I located where
Between the metatarsals an the phalanx
74
Another name for the tibial spine
Intercondylar eminence
75
The head of the fibula is on the ________ aspect of the fibula
Proximal
76
What demonstrates a well positioned oblique foot
Joint space around the cuboid
Bases of 3-5 metatarsals separated
Sinus tarsi open
77
For a trauma hip how should the affected leg be posts optioned
As is
78
For a trauma lateral hip how should the unaffected leg be positioned
Up out if the way
79
The largest strongest bone in the body is
The femur
80
If hip trauma is suspected what position should be performed first
AP as is
81
Which of the following should the AP hip include
•any prosthesis in its entirety
•the entire wing if the ala
Any prosthesis in its entirety
82
Which of the following is appropriate for an axiolateral hip
•horizontal beam
•grid
•breathing technique
Horizontal beam and grid
83
What population or combination of populations is/are most prone to fractured hips
Women
Asian
Caucasian
Elderly
84
Which X-ray study best demonstrates the Intercondylar fossa
Tunnel view (p249)
85
The subtalar joint is located under the
Talus
86
Where are sesimoid bones located on the lower limb
Knee and foot (first digit)
87
What is degree of obliquity for an oblique knee
45 degrees
88
What is the degree of obliquity for an AP knee
3-5 degrees
89
What is the degree of obliquity for the legs for an AP hip/pelvis
15-20 degrees
90
Why is the degree of obliquity for a mortise oblique ankle
15-20 degrees
91
A frog leg lateral position is used for a
Non trauma patient
92
CR to IR angle for a lateral knee is
5-7 degrees
93
CR to IR angle for axial calcaneus
40 degrees
94
CR to IR angle for cross table lateral hip
Perpendicular
95
CR to IR angle for AP foot and Toes
10-15
96
CR to IR angle for a sunrise
Perpendicular
97
Does a male or female have an acute pelvic arch
Male
98
Does a male or female have a heart shaped inlet
Male
99
Is a male or females obturator foramen more oval
Neither
100
Is male or females symphysis pubis fused
Neither
101
What are 2 differences between the phalanges of the hand and the phalanges of the foot
Phalanges of the foot are smaller and joint movements of the foot are more limited
102
List three specific articulation facets found in the subtalar joint
Posterior facet
Anterior facet
Middle facet
103
The smallest of the cuneiforms
Intermediate cuneiform
104
Found on the medial side of the foot between the talus
Navicular
105
The largest cuneiform
Medial cuneiform
106
Articulates with the 2nd 3rd and 4th metatarsal
Lateral cuneiform
107
The most superior tarsal bone
Talus
108
Articulates with the first metatarsal
Medial cuneiform
109
The tarsal found anterior to the calcaneus and lateral to the lateral cuneiform
Cuboid
110
The second largest tarsal bone
Talus
111
T/F the cuboid articulates with the four bones o the foot
True
112
The calcaneus articulates with the talus and the
Cuboid
113
List the two arches of the foot
Longitudinal and transverse arches
114
The distal tibial joint surface forming the roof if the distal ankle joint is called the
Tibial plafond
115
T/F the medial malleolus is approximately 1/2 in posterior to the lateral malleolus
False
116
The ankle joint is classified as what type of joint with what type of movement
Synovial joint
| Sellar movement
117
What is the name of large prominence located on the mid anterior surface of the proximal tibia that serves as a distal attachment for the patellar tendon
Tibial tuberosity
118
What is the name of the small prominence located on the postero lateral aspect of the medial condyle of the femur that is a landmark to determine possible rotation of a lateral knee
Adductor tubercle
119
A small triangular depression located on the tibia that helps form the distal tibiofibular joint is called the
Fibular notch
120
The articular facet so the proximal tibia are also referred to as the
Tibial plateau
121
The articular facets slopes ________ degrees posteriorly
10-15
122
The most proximal aspect of the fibula is the
Styloid process / apex
123
Two other names for the patellar surface of the femur
Intercondylar sulcus
| Trochlear groove
124
What is the name of the depression located on the posterior aspect of the distal femur
Intercondylar fossa / notch
125
Why must the CR be angles 5-7 degrees cephalad for a lateral knee position
The medial condyle is lower than the lateral condyle
126
The slightly raised area located on the postero lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle is called
Adductor tubercle
127
What are two palpable bony landmarks found on the distal femur
Medial and lateral epicondyles
128
T/F flexion of 20 degrees of the knee forces the patella firmly against the patellar surface of the femur
False
129
T/F the posterior surface of the patella is normally rough
False
130
The correct term for the joint between the patella and distal femur
Patellofemoral joint
131
The correct term for the joint between the two condyles of the femur and tibia
Femorotibial joint
132
List the four major ligaments of the knee
```
Fibular collateral (laterally)
Tibial collateral (medially)
Anterior cruciate (ACL)
Posterior cruciate (PCL)
```
133
Two bursae found in the knee joint
Suprapatellar and infrapatellar bursae
134
Where is the tibial plafond found
On the tibia
135
Where is the medial malleolus found
On the tibia
136
Where is the lateral epicondyle found
Distal femur
137
Where is the patellar surface found
Distal femur
138
Where are the articular facets found
On the tibia
139
Where is the fibulae notch found
On the tibia
140
Where is the Styloid process found
On the fibula
141
The top of the patella is called the
Base
142
Where is the Intercondyloid eminence found
On the tibia
143
Inward turning or bending of ankle
Inversion
144
Decreasing the angle between the Dorsum pedis and anterior lower leg
Dorsiflexion
145
Extending the ankle or pointing the foot and toe downward
Plantar flexion
146
Outward turning or bending of ankle
Eversion
147
T/F the recommended SID for the lower limb radiography is 40"
True
148
T/F with careful and close collimation, gonadal shielding does not have to be used during lower limb radiography
False
149
T/F a KVP range between 50-70 should be used for analog lower limb radiography
True
150
T/F a KVP range for digital imaging is typically lower as compared with film screen ranges
False
151
An inflammatory condition involving the anterior proximal tibia
Osgood-schlatter disease
152
Also known as osteitis deformans
Paget's disease
153
Malignant tumor o the cartilage
Chondrosarcoma
154
Inherited type of arthritis that commonly affects males
Gout
155
Benign neoplasticism bone lesion caused by overproduction of bone at a joint
Exostosis
156
Benign bone lesion usually developing in teens or young adults
Osteitis osteoma
157
Most prevalent primary bone malignancy in pediatric patients
Ewings sarcoma
158
Benign neoplastic bone lesion filled with clear fluid
Bone cyst
159
Injury to a large ligament located between the bases of the first and second metatarsals
Lisfranc joint injury
160
Condition affecting the sacroiliac joints and lower limbs of young men especially the postero superior margin of the calcaneus
Reiters syndrome
161
What are the two important radiographic landmarks of the ilium
Iliac crest
| ASIS
162
T/F the terms pelvis and pelvic girdle are no synonymous
True
163
The upper margin of the greater trochanter is approx ___________ above the level of the superior border of the symphysis pubis, and the ischial tuberosity is about ___________ below
1"
| 1 1/2 -2"
164
An imaginary plane that divides the pelvic region into the lesser and greater pelvis is called the
Pelvic brim
165
Alt term for the greater pelvis
False
166
Alt term for the lesser pelvis
True
167
What is the major function of the greater pelvis
Supports the lower organs of the abd and fetus
168
What is the major function o the lesser pelvis
Forms birth canal
169
List the three aspects of the lesser pelvis which also describes the birth route during the delivery process
Inlet
Cavity
Outlet
170
What part of the pelvis possess a large tuberosity found at the most inferior aspect
Ischium
171
Which part if the pelvis is the lesser sciatic notch found
Ischium
172
Which part of the pelvis is the ala found
Ilium
173
Where is the PSIS
On the ilium
174
Which part of the pelvis possesses a slightly moveable joint
Pubis
175
Where is the ASIS
On the ilium
176
What form the anterior inferior aspect of the pelvic girdle
Pubis
177
Articulates with the sacrum to form the SI joints
Ilium
178
In the past which radiographic examination was performed to measure the fetal head in comparison with the maternal pelvis to predict possible birthing problems
Cephalopelvimetry
179
What imaging modality has replaced cephalopelvimetry
Sonography/ ultrasound
180
A degenerative joint disease
Osteoarthritis
181
Most common fracture in older patients bc of high incidence of osteoporosis or avascular necrosis
Proximal hip fracture
182
A malignant tumor of the cartilage of the hip
Chondrosarcoma
183
A disease producing extensive calcification of the longitudinal ligament of the spinal column
Ankylosing spondylitis
184
A fx resulting from a severe blow to one side of pelvis
Pelvic ring fracture
185
Malignancy spread to one via the circulatory and lymphatic systems or direct invasion
Metastatic carcinoma
186
Now referred to as developmental dysphasia of the hip
Congenital dislocation
