1

Question 1

1 calorie (in water)

Answer 1

4.18 Joules

Question 2

Specific heat capacity of a selected substance

Answer 2

J/g’C = Joules/grams Celcius

Question 3

Q=mc( Tf - Ti )

Answer 3

Q= heat absorbed
m=mass
c=calorie 
Tf=final temperature 
Ti=initial temperature

Question 4

Energy conversion

Answer 4

• Capacity to work.
• Energy comes in several flavors.
• Energy can change from one to another.
• Kinetic
• Electrical
• Chemical
• Mechanical
• Potential( gravity )
• Light
• Sound

Question 5

Potential energy

Answer 5

• Stored energy ( fossil fuels ).
• NO Kinetic energy ( heat ).
• Measures transfer of energy between 2 systems.
• From equilibrium to get same temperature for bothT1 > T2

Question 6

Equilibrium

Answer 6

mc( Tf - Ti ) = mc( Tf - Ti )

Question 7

Dissolution types

Answer 7

ionic: solutes separates into its ions
- ions are electrolytes
- Electrolytes conduct electricity

Question 8

Cations and Anions

NaCl

Answer 8

Cations: (+) they have a positive charge. Na
Anions: (-) they have a negative charge. Cl

     (+)NaCl(-)

Question 9

Not solueble

Answer 9

Precipitate

Question 10

Unsaturated solution?
Saturated solution?
Supersaturated solution?

Answer 10

Unsaturated solution: lots of dissolved solute.

Saturated solution: maximum solute.

Supersaturated solution:more then maximum solute.

Question 11

soluble

Answer 11

No precipitate

Question 12

Dissolution and energy?

Answer 12

-absorbs or releases energy.

• Braking bonds. Requires energy when DELTA=
  (+)positive.
• Bonds formed with water. Releases energy when DELTA= (-)negative.

Question 13

Exothermic?

Answer 13

• Braking bonds. energy absorbed.
• Bonds formed with water. Energy released.
• More energy released then absorbed.
• DELTA is (-)negative.

example: NaOH = Na(+) + OH(-) +44kJ

Question 14

Endothermic?

Answer 14

• Braking bonds. Requires energy.
• Bonds formed with water. Energy released.
• Energy released is more then formed.
• DELTA is (+)positive.

example: C(12)H(22)O(11) (s) + 5.4kJ = C(12)H(22)O(11) (aq)

Question 15

Molar heat solution?

Answer 15

DELTA H(energy) —- equals—- Q x n

Question 16

Energy solutions?

Answer 16

• Oxygen in water

- CO(2)

Question 17

Seance of taste/smell?

Answer 17

• taste/smell dissolves in the liquid in mucous membranes, the interact with receptors.

Question 18

Perfume?

Answer 18

• Solvents (alcohols, oils and fats).
• extracted from fat with using alcohol.
• Aromatics are often non-polar ring structures.

Question 19

Lavoisier?

Answer 19

• Discovered oxygen by first burning (Hg), then reversing the reaction and collecting the products.
• Did tests on the gas, discovered it was what was needed for breathing.
• Isolated the first component of air

Question 20

Combustion?

Answer 20

• It advanced science because it allowed the discovery of modern elements.
• Promoted the quantitative approach to science (measuring things really carefully).

ALL ARE EXOTHERMIC.

Question 21

Fossil fuels?

Answer 21

• Responsible for our entire modern lifestyle.
• Electricity was first generated in large amounts by coal plants.
• Steam engines/steam boats allowed for faster transportation.

Question 22

Fossil fuels and society?

Answer 22

• The industrial revolution.

- Modernization or consumer society.

Question 23

Fossil fuels (bad side)?

Answer 23

• CO(2) greenhouse effect.
• CO ( toxic,odorless,colorless. results from burning without oxygen).
• Nitrous oxides and sulfur dioxide (acid rain, aggravate breathing).

Question 24

Sources of error?

Answer 24

+ or - 0.5

Depends on equpment

Question 25

Hess’s law?

Answer 25

Reactants————–products.

              OR

Reactants ————–intermediate (elements)——–products.