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Ct boards > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

0
Q

Afterglow

A

Flash of scintillation subtracted before image reconstruction

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1
Q

Detector rows with various sizes

A

Adaptive array/ non uniform / hybrid rays

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2
Q

Algorithm

A

Steps in a specific order to solve problem

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3
Q

Attenuation profile

A

Attenuation properties that correlate position of rays

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4
Q

Automated inj triggering

2 methods

A

Test bolus

Bolus triggering

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5
Q

Step and shoot is also called

A

Axial
Conventional
Serial
Sequence

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6
Q

Back projection

A

Converting —>attenuation profile—> matrix

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7
Q

Beam pitch

A

Table movement per rotation % beam width

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8
Q

B blockers

A

Reduces motion artifact on cardiac CTA images by lowering pts heart rate

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9
Q

Bolus inj

A

Rapid inj of contrast done by hand or inj system

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10
Q

Bolus phase

What phase is it?

A

Initial phase that follows iv bolus inj and arterial structures r filled with contrast
Not reaching venous structures

Bolus phase = arterial phase

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11
Q

Bolus triggering

A

Use contrast bolus to initiate the scan.. Then uses a series of low xrt scans to monitor contrast bolus… Once level is enhanced table moves starting scan

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12
Q

Capture efficiency

A

Detector obtaining photons passed through patient

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13
Q

1cgy=

A

1rad

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14
Q

100rads =

A

1 gy

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15
Q

Clinical information systems

A

Systems that keep track of clinical data

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16
Q

Clustered scans

A

Grouping more than one scan in a single breath hold

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17
Q

Compensating filters

A

Reduce dose to patient and minimize artifacts

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18
Q

Completed stroke / established stroke

A

Acute episode of interrupted blood flow to the brain

Lasts longer than 24 hrs

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19
Q

Computed tomography dose index

A

Dose reported to FDA

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20
Q

Cone beam is a what kind of detector

A

Multidetector row ct system

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21
Q

Cone beam artifact are created how?

A

The larger the cone beam (detector channels) the more the effect

Artifacts that relate to the cone shaped beam for mdct helical scans

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22
Q

Contiguous

A

One slice abuts the next

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23
Q

Acquisition scan aka

And meaning

A

Aka: helical , spiral , volumetric

Means continuously rotating xraytube, constant output, uninterrupted table movement

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24
Q

Low contrast resolution

A

Objects with similar densities

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25
Q

Convolution

A

Filter

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26
Q

Ct angiography

How r scans done

A

Ct techniques used to c arterial and venous vessels thru body

Scans done in helical mode

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27
Q

How does Cupping artifact happen

A

Results from beam hardening

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28
Q

Data acquisition system (DAS)

A

Measures the number of photons that strike detector

Converts info to digital signal then sends to computer

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29
Q

Delayed reaction

A

Contrast reactions that occur btw 1 hr - 1 week

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30
Q

Detector array

A

Collection of detectors in an arc

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31
Q

Detector pitch

A

Table movement per rotation time % slice thickness = detector pitch

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32
Q

DAC

digital to analog converters

A

Changes digital signal back to analog format so that it’s views on monitor

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33
Q

Direct axial plane

A

Positioning pt in specific position

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34
Q

Explain direct axial plane for foot

A

Plane parallel to plantar surface of foot

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35
Q

Display field of view

A

Section of info for display on image

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36
Q

Display processor

A

Assigns a group of HU to each shade if gray

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37
Q

Double contrast technique

A

Contrast and air out in joint space arthrography

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38
Q

Edge gradient effect

A

Irregularly shaped obj that hve a pronounced difference in density frm surrounding tissue

Streak or shading

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39
Q

Effective dies is written as

A

SV or rem

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40
Q

Ebonics stroke

A

Ischemic stroke

A traveling particle that eventually become lodged

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41
Q

Embolism

A

Clot within vascular system that detaches frm original site

42
Q

Equilibrium phase

A

Delayed phase
Phase of tissue enhancement after the iv inj of contrast media
Begins as early as 2 min after bolus phase or drip infusion
Equil phase is emptied into arteries and and soaked by organs

43
Q

Excretory phase

A

Renal enhancement happens 3 min after iv

44
Q

Fan beam

A

Is used on single row detectors

45
Q

Helical interpolation methods

A

To tke slant and burr out if helical image

46
Q

Hepatic arterial phase

A

First phase

15-29 seconds after bolus material

47
Q

High contrast resolution and

Aka

A

A.k.a. spatial resolution a.k.a. detail resolution

The images seen as two separate forms.

48
Q

High-frequency generator

A

Produces high-voltage and transmits it to the x-ray tube

49
Q

Hi osmolality contrast media a.k.a. HOCM

A

It’s a higher osmolality agent

50
Q

HR CT high-resolution CT

A

CT of the chest is a technique used for assessment of lung parenchyma in patients with diffuse lung disease i.e. fibrosis and emphysema

51
Q

Huber needle

A

Non-coring hook used to access implantable port

52
Q

Hybrid arrays also called what and what are they

A

Detector rows variable widths and sizes

a. k.a. adaptive
a. k.a. nonuniform arrays

53
Q

Hyperosmolar

A

Great number of particles in solution

54
Q

Hypertonic

A

Great number of particles in solution

55
Q

Idiosyncratic reactions

A

Unexplained reactions largely unpredictable, occurs within an hour of contrast administration, not related to delves.

56
Q

Image data

A

Once computer has processed raw data assigning one HU value to each pixel

57
Q

What is Raw data used for

A

raw data is used and then image reconstruction takes place

58
Q

Image reformation? Image formation is also called what?

A

Image reformation is stacked across slices
generates an image in a plane orientation different from prospective image
a.k.a. image rendering

59
Q

Image rendering

A

an image that is used to stack of cross-sectional slices and generates an image and a plane orientation different from prospective image
a.k.a. imagery formation

60
Q

Input device

A

Computer hardware design to input information into the computer examples keyboard, mouse, plasma screen, CT detector.

61
Q

Ischemic heart disease

A

One plaque builds up in coronary arteries

62
Q

Isotropic

A

Equal in all directions

63
Q

Iso tonic

A

Not having the same number of particles in a solution compared to blood
example iso tonic the word not in tonic

64
Q

KV P the defines what

A

Quality of the beam how penetrating the beam is

65
Q

MAS

A

Amount radiation

66
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy in motion

67
Q

Line pairs Phantom

A

Phantom used to measure spatial resolution

It appears as closely spaced metal strips embedded

68
Q

Linear attenuation coefficient

A

Amount of x-ray beam scattered or absorbed per thickness

69
Q

Linear interpolation

A

Unknown point falls along a straight line between two known points

70
Q

Metformin therapy

A

Given to non insulation dependent diabetics

71
Q

Negative contrast agents

A

Contrast agent of lower density example: air or carbon dioxide.

72
Q

Nephrogram phase

A

Renal enhancement that follows corticomedullary phase happens 100-120 seconds after IV

73
Q

Nonequilibrium phase

A

Follow the bullets phase contrast brighter in the arteries ,parenchyma , and veins
Starts one minute after bolus injection
AKA Venus phase

74
Q

Nonuniform arrays

Nonuniform arrays a.k.a.’s

A

Detector rows with variable widths and sizes

A.k.a. adaptive of AKA hybrid arrays

75
Q

Partial volume artifact

A

Artifacts when the object is not appear all views

76
Q

Unit of absorbed dose?

A

RAD’s radiation absorbed dose

77
Q

Quantum noise and quantum mottle

A

Insufficient number of photons are detected

Inversely proportional to image and noise. Image decreases noise increases the smaller the image gets the more noisy will see

78
Q

Positive contrast agents

two examples?

A

Contrast agents that are of higher density example barium or iodine

79
Q

Portal venous phase

A

Enhancement that follows hepatic arterial phase

Begins at 60 to 70 seconds after IV

80
Q

Pixel

A

Picture element two-dimensional

81
Q

Pitch formula

A

Table speed to slice thickness. The find is the travel distance of the CT scan table her 360° rotation of the x-ray tube divided by the X x-ray beam I’m collimation with

82
Q

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC)

A

Long catheter inserted through a large vein of the upper arm located in the lower third of day S BC

83
Q

Roentgen R

A

X-ray exposure in air

84
Q

Scanfield of view SFOV

A

Scanned area of images where raw data is acquired

85
Q

Ray sum

A

Detector senses Ray knows how much being attenuated

86
Q

Scan parameters

A

Factors controlled by operator these factors are MAs, scan time, slice thickness, Silverview, reconstruction algorithm, and kv. Helical scans operator has choice of pitch.

87
Q

Segmentation errors

A

Reformatted image one important vessels are inadvertently edited out

88
Q

Seivert

A

Quality factor added to radiation dose new quantity is called dose equivalent

89
Q

Slice misregistration

A

When patient breaths differently with each accusation information maybe missed due to this effect creates an incorrect anatomic position

90
Q

Slice sensitivity profile

A

Slice thickness represented on ct image opposed to the size selected by the collimator

91
Q

Slice thickness accuracy

A

Accuracy of slice thinkness selected by operator vs. width of collimator opening

92
Q

Slice thinkness blooming

A

Slick thickness on imager wider than what selected

93
Q

Slip rings

A

Brushlike apparatus providing continuous electrical power
Allows frame to continuously rotate
Eliminating need to straighten cables

94
Q

Spatial resolution

A

Separate smll obj that are close together

95
Q

Spatial resolution is what kind of contrast

A

High contrast resolution

96
Q

Split bolus

A

Contrast inj techniques
Total dose is split in half
1st dose is given
Delay 2 min ( allows time for structures that are slower to enhance to b opacified)..
2nd bolus given containing remaining contrast
Scanning is initiated soon after the second inj is complete ( 2nd inj fully opacify the vessels )

97
Q

Mild side effects

A

Heat
Nausea
Mild flushing

98
Q

Test bolus

A

Scan delay administrating contrast

Performing trials scans to determine length of time frm inj to peak contrast enhancement ie aorta

99
Q

Third generation design

A

Produces fan shaped beam

100
Q

Transient ischemic attack

TIA

A

Reversible episode tiny emboli lodged in artery

101
Q

Aliasing/ undersampling

A

Inaccuracies related to sharp edges and small objects

102
Q

View

A

Complete set of Ray sums

103
Q

When do windmill artifacts.

A

MDCT HELICAL SYSTEMS

Ct boards (2 decks)

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