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LSCI 230 > 1 & 2. Structure and Function > Flashcards

1 & 2. Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Phospholipid of Eukaryotes/Bacteria

A

Ester bonds between phosphoglycerol and FA

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2
Q

Phospholipid of Archaea

A

Ether bonds between phosphoglycerol and FA

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3
Q

Lipid chain of Archaea

A

Isoprene

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4
Q

Three types of the membrane in Archaea

A

(a) Glycerol diether
(b) Diglycerol tetraether
(c) Crenarchaeol

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5
Q

Stabilization of animal membrane

A

Cholesteol

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6
Q

Stabilization of fungi membrane

A

Ergosterol

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7
Q

Stabilization of plant membranes (some protozoans)

A

Stigmasterol

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8
Q

Stabilization of archaea and bacteria

A

No sterols

Hopanoids

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9
Q

Bacteria / Archaea DNA packaging

A

Proteins

  • H-NS
  • Other histone-like proteins
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10
Q

RIbosome

A

Bacteria - 70s (30s+50s)

Archaea - 80s (40s+60s)

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11
Q

S in ribosome type

A

Svedberg unit

  • Rate of sedimentation of a particle in ultracentrifuge
  • Proportional to size, shape and density (relationship unclear)
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12
Q

Composition of the cell wall (kingdoms/domains)

A

Plant, algae, some fungi - Cellulose (glucose polymer)
Fungi - Chitin (N-acetylglucosamine polymer)
- Some with galactose, mannose, etc.

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13
Q

Structure of centriole

A

9+0 composition - 9 microtubules 0 - two triplets (one complete and two partial)

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14
Q

Basal bodies

A

Centrioles that have migrated near the plasma membrane

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15
Q

The general structure of cilia and Flagella

A

9+2 - 9 sets of microtubule doublets
Doublets are one complete one partial
2 central microtubules
Each doublet has dyneins to move against each other to generate movement.

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16
Q

Shapes of Bacteria - Coccus

17
Q

Shapes of Bacteria - Spirochete

18
Q

Shapes of Bacteria - rod

A

rod (Bacillus)

19
Q

Shapes of Bacteria - Spirillum

A

Rod but flexible

20
Q

Shapes of Bacteria - Filamentous

21
Q

Gram test colors

A

Positive - Purple

Negative - Pink / Red

22
Q

Peptidoglycan of Bacteria

A

2 sugar Polymer - NAM and NAG

  • D-amino acids make a short peptide sidechain
  • NAM and DAP were never found in Archaea and Eukarya
23
Q

Target of lysozyme

A

NAM-NAG linkage

24
Q

Crosslink of Peptidoglycan in Gram +/-

A

+: Direct

-: Glycine interbridge

25
Q

Wall associated proteins

A 
Teichoic acid (TA) - Glycerol-P (3C)
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) - Glycerol-P (5C)
26
Q

Which enzyme attaches wall-associated proteins to the peptidoglycan layer

27
Q

LPS

A

Lipopolysaccharide

28
Q

Structure of LPS

A
  • Lipid A
  • Core Polysaccharide
  • O-Specific polysaccharide
29
Q

What links the Lipid A and the Core polysaccharide

A

KDO: 2-keto-deoxyoctonate

30
Q

O-specific polysaccharide

A

O antigen

  • Repeated sequences of 2-4 monosaccharides
  • Used to identify strands - E.coli O157:H7 (O157 sero group)

LSCI 230 (2 decks)

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