1 & 2. Structure and Function

Question 1

Phospholipid of Eukaryotes/Bacteria

Answer 1

Ester bonds between phosphoglycerol and FA

Question 2

Phospholipid of Archaea

Answer 2

Ether bonds between phosphoglycerol and FA

Question 3

Lipid chain of Archaea

Answer 3

Isoprene

Question 4

Three types of the membrane in Archaea

Answer 4

(a) Glycerol diether
(b) Diglycerol tetraether
(c) Crenarchaeol

Question 5

Stabilization of animal membrane

Answer 5

Cholesteol

Question 6

Stabilization of fungi membrane

Answer 6

Ergosterol

Question 7

Stabilization of plant membranes (some protozoans)

Answer 7

Stigmasterol

Question 8

Stabilization of archaea and bacteria

Answer 8

No sterols

Hopanoids

Question 9

Bacteria / Archaea DNA packaging

Answer 9

Proteins

• H-NS
• Other histone-like proteins

Question 10

RIbosome

Answer 10

Bacteria - 70s (30s+50s)

Archaea - 80s (40s+60s)

Question 11

S in ribosome type

Answer 11

Svedberg unit

• Rate of sedimentation of a particle in ultracentrifuge
• Proportional to size, shape and density (relationship unclear)

Question 12

Composition of the cell wall (kingdoms/domains)

Answer 12

Plant, algae, some fungi - Cellulose (glucose polymer)
Fungi - Chitin (N-acetylglucosamine polymer)
- Some with galactose, mannose, etc.

Question 13

Structure of centriole

Answer 13

9+0 composition - 9 microtubules 0 - two triplets (one complete and two partial)

Question 14

Basal bodies

Answer 14

Centrioles that have migrated near the plasma membrane

Question 15

The general structure of cilia and Flagella

Answer 15

9+2 - 9 sets of microtubule doublets
Doublets are one complete one partial
2 central microtubules
Each doublet has dyneins to move against each other to generate movement.

Question 16

Shapes of Bacteria - Coccus

Answer 16

sphere

Question 17

Shapes of Bacteria - Spirochete

Answer 17

String

Question 18

Shapes of Bacteria - rod

Answer 18

rod (Bacillus)

Question 19

Shapes of Bacteria - Spirillum

Answer 19

Rod but flexible

Question 20

Shapes of Bacteria - Filamentous

Answer 20

Filament

Question 21

Gram test colors

Answer 21

Positive - Purple

Negative - Pink / Red

Question 22

Peptidoglycan of Bacteria

Answer 22

2 sugar Polymer - NAM and NAG

• D-amino acids make a short peptide sidechain
• NAM and DAP were never found in Archaea and Eukarya

Question 23

Target of lysozyme

Answer 23

NAM-NAG linkage

Question 24

Crosslink of Peptidoglycan in Gram +/-

Answer 24

+: Direct

-: Glycine interbridge

Question 25

Wall associated proteins

Answer 25

Teichoic acid (TA) - Glycerol-P (3C)
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) - Glycerol-P (5C)

Question 26

Which enzyme attaches wall-associated proteins to the peptidoglycan layer

Answer 26

Sortase

Question 27

LPS

Answer 27

Lipopolysaccharide

Question 28

Structure of LPS

Answer 28

• Lipid A
• Core Polysaccharide
• O-Specific polysaccharide

Question 29

What links the Lipid A and the Core polysaccharide

Answer 29

KDO: 2-keto-deoxyoctonate

Question 30

O-specific polysaccharide

Answer 30

O antigen

• Repeated sequences of 2-4 monosaccharides
• Used to identify strands - E.coli O157:H7 (O157 sero group)